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Research | Open Access

Disturbance increases high tide travel distance of a roosting shorebird but only marginally affects daily energy expenditure

Hans Linssen1,2 ( ), Martijn van de Pol1,3, Andrew M. Allen3,4, Mitzi Jans1, Bruno J. Ens3,5, Karen L. Krijgsveld6, Magali Frauendorf1,3, Henk-Jan van der Kolk1,3
Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
Centre for Avian Population Studies, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, 6500GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Sovon-Texel, Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, 1790AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
Nature Bureau, Royal Netherlands Air Force, 4820BB Breda, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Background

Anthropogenic disturbance can negatively affect an animal's energy budget by evoking movement responses. Existing research focuses mainly on immediate displacement as a disturbance effect, since this can be easily observed in the field. However, effects on movement over longer timescales are poorly examined and it is largely unknown if and to what extent they reflect immediate responses. Longer-term responses could for example be larger than immediate responses if birds, after disturbance, return to the original location and thereby travel twice the immediate disturbed distance.

Methods

We combined GPS tracking data with observational data to quantify the effects of anthropogenic (air force and walkers) and non-anthropogenic disturbances on distances travelled by roosting Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) during the non-breeding season. We compared immediate displacement after a disturbance with distance travelled during the entire high tide period (longer-term response), while accounting for environmental factors. Additionally, we calculated energy expenditure due to disturbance based on observed disturbance frequencies.

Results

Disturbance resulted in an immediate displacement response of~200 m (median). Air force disturbances tended to yield larger immediate responses than walker and, especially, than non-anthropogenic disturbances. Longer-term responses and immediate responses were approximately similar, suggesting that, over longer timescales, spatial disturbance effects in the study area remain confined to immediate effects. However, disturbances were infrequent (0.17 disturbances per bird per hour) and most disturbances were of natural origin (62%). Consequently, anthropogenic disturbance of roosting oystercatchers in the study area on average costs 0.08% of the daily energy expenditure.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that immediate spatial responses to disturbance can be a useful proxy for spatial responses over longer timescales. Over the non-exhaustive range of conditions investigated, energetic consequences of spatial disturbance responses for an oystercatcher in the study area are marginal due to low disturbance levels.

Keywords

ShorebirdDisturbanceBiologgingHaematopus ostralegusHigh tide roostMovement ecology

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Avian Research
Volume 10 Issue 1,
January 2019
Article number: 31
DOI: 10.1186/s40657-019-0171-8
Cite this article:
Linssen H, van de Pol M, Allen AM, et al. Disturbance increases high tide travel distance of a roosting shorebird but only marginally affects daily energy expenditure. Avian Research, 2019, 10(1): 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-019-0171-8

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Received: 21 December 2018
Accepted: 15 August 2019
Published: 22 August 2019
© The Author(s) 2019.

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