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Research | Open Access

Noisy environments: untangling the role of anthropogenic noise on bird species richness in a Neotropical city

Cecilia Odette Carral-Murrieta1,†, Michelle García-Arroyo1,†, Oscar H. Marín-Gómez1, J. Roberto Sosa-López2,3, Ian MacGregor-Fors1 ( )
Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., (INECOL), Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico
Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico

†Cecilia Odette Carral-Murrieta and Michelle García-Arroyo contributed equally to this work

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Abstract

Background

Among urban stimuli, anthropogenic noise has been identified to be one of the behavioral drivers of species that rely on acoustic signals for communication. Studies have shown both species-specific and assemblage responses to urban noise, ranging from the modulation of their acoustic frequencies and spatiotemporal adjustments to declines in species richness. In this study, we assessed the citywide relationship between two anthropogenic noise variables (noise levels recorded during bird surveys and daily average noise levels) and vegetation cover with bird species richness.

Methods

This study was conducted in the city of Xalapa (Mexico) through a 114 citywide point-count survey. We recorded bird communities at each sampling site. We measured noise levels using a sound level meter while performing point-counts. Then, we generated a map of average daily noise of the city using an array of 61 autonomous recording units distributed across the city of Xalapa and calculated daily noise levels for the 114 points. We ran a linear model (LM) to assess potential relationships between both point-count and daily (24 h) noise values and vegetation cover with bird richness.

Results

Results from the LM show: (1) a negative relationship between maximum point-count noise and avian species richness, (2) no relationship between 24 h noise and bird species richness, and (3) a positive relationship between vegetation cover and bird species richness.

Conclusions

Results provide evidence that decreases in urban bird species richness do not necessarily imply the permanent absence of species, suggesting that birds can temporarily fly away from or avoid sites when noisy, become cryptic while noisy events are occurring, or be undetected due to our inability to record them in the field during noisy events.

Keywords

Avian ecologyBird communicationNoise pollutionSpecies richnessUrban ecology

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Avian Research
Volume 11 Issue 1,
January 2020
Article number: 32
DOI: 10.1186/s40657-020-00218-5
Cite this article:
Carral-Murrieta CO, García-Arroyo M, Marín-Gómez OH, et al. Noisy environments: untangling the role of anthropogenic noise on bird species richness in a Neotropical city. Avian Research, 2020, 11(1): 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-020-00218-5

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Received: 21 January 2020
Accepted: 18 August 2020
Published: 13 September 2020
© The Author(s) 2020.

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