AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Avian Research Article
PDF (1.1 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research | Open Access

Nest site selection and reproductive parameters of the threatened Atlantic Royal Flycatcher (Onychorhynchus swainsoni) and their significance for conservation

Daniel F. Perrella1 ( ), Paulo V. Q. Zima1, Mercival R. Francisco2
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Washington Luiz km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. João Leme dos Santos km 110, Sorocaba, 18052-780, Brazil
Show Author Information

Abstract

Background

Patterns of rarity can be explained by reproductive rates, levels of endemism, and habitat specificity, and knowledge on these parameters is important to understand the levels of vulnerability of each species and to formulate conservation strategies. Here, we studied nest-site selection and breeding biology of the Atlantic Royal Flycatcher (Onychorhynchus swainsoni), a poorly known vulnerable bird endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Methods

We addressed nest site selection in three different levels: first, we searched for nests near and far from water to investigate whether birds could select water proximities to construct nests; second, we examined if they could select certain streams in detriment of others, and we analyzed the characteristics of used and non-used streams, and third, in streams in which nests were found, we addressed nest site selectivity by comparing a number of parameters between nest sites and random sites. Further, we provide information on breeding biology parameters related to annual fecundity.

Results

During five breeding seasons, we found 23 nests in a well-preserved forest continuum. All of the nests were constructed above water, and they were found in streams that were about 4 m in width, instead of smaller streams with about 1.5 m in width. Modeling analyses revealed that within the used streams, nests were constructed in sites with lower vegetation density in relation to random points, while stream width, water speed, and canopy cover presented no significant correlation. Atlantic Royal Flycatchers in our study had a 22-day incubation period and 24 to 27-day nestling period. Overall nest survival was comparatively high (62%), but clutch size was small (N = 2 eggs) and double-brooding was unlikely, which resulted in a low annual fecundity (1.4 ± 0.9 fledglings per reproductive female). Along the nesting streams, we found an average of 1.62 ± 0.07 breeding pairs/km.

Conclusions

These data suggest that nesting habitat specificity and low annual fecundity are among the factors contributing to the rarity of the Atlantic Royal Flycatcher in large forest continuums and to its absence in fragmented environments. It reinforces the importance of large well-preserved forest continuums for the conservation of habitat specialist Atlantic Forest bird species.

Keywords

Atlantic ForestBirdsBreeding biologyDaily survival rateEndangered speciesSpecialized bird species

References

 

Aguilar TM, Maldonado-Coelho M, Marini MA. Nesting biology of the Gray-hooded Flycatcher (Mionectes rufiventris). Ornitol Neotrop. 2000;11: 223-30.
Google Scholar
 

Alves RRN, Lima JRF, Araújo HFP. The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview. Bird Conserv Int. 2012;23: 53-65.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Anciães M, Aguilar TM, Leite LO, Andrade RD, Marini MA. Nesting biology of the Yellow-olive Flatbill (Tyrannidae, Elaninae) in Atlantic Forest fragments in Brazil. Wilson J Ornithol. 2012;124: 547-57.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Anjos L, Boçon R. Bird communities in natural forest patches in southern Brazil. Wilson Bull. 1999;111: 397-414.
Google Scholar
 

Antunes AZ, Eston MR. Avifauna do Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren-São Paulo: diagnóstico e propostas para a conservação. Rev Inst Flor. 2008;20: 195-211.
Google Scholar
 

Antunes AZ, Silva BG, Matsukuma CK, Eston MR, Santos AMR. Aves do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho - SP. Biota Neotrop. 2013;13: 01-17.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Armacost JW Jr. The nest, eggs and nestlings of the Castelnau's Antshrike (Thamnophilus cryptoleucus), with notes on its ecology and conservation. Wilson Bull. 2004;116: 262-6.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ayres ACM. O Ciclo da Caapora: A RMSP e o Parque da Cantareira. São Paulo: Annablume; 2008.
 

Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw. 2015;67: 1-48.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Beisiegel BM, Mantovani W. Habitat use, home range and foraging preferences of the coati Nasua nasua in a pluvial tropical Atlantic forest area. J Zool. 2006;269: 77-87.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Bencke GA, Maurício GN, Develey PF, Goerck JM. Áreas importantes para a conservação das aves no Brasil: parte 1-estados do domínio da Mata Atlântica. São Paulo: SAVE Brasil; 2006.
 

Beissinger SR. Ecological mechanisms of extinction. PNAS. 2000;97: 11688-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
BirdLife International. Onychorhynchus swainsoni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019. (Accessed 1 Jan 2019). https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22699659A131326693.en(2018) (Accessed 1 Jan 2019).
 

Birskis-Barros I, Alencar LRV, Prado PI, Böhm M, Martins M. Ecological and conservation correlates of rarity in New World Pitvipers. Diversity. 2019;11: 147.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Brocardo CR, Rodarte R, Bueno RS, Culot L, Galetti M. Mamíferos não voadores do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho Continuum florestal do Paranapiacaba. Biota Neotrop. 2012;12: 01-11.
Google Scholar
 
Chalfoun AD, Schmidt KA. Adaptive breeding-habitat selection: is it for the birds? Auk. 2012a;129: 589-99.https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.129.4.589
Crossref
 

Cheng L, Zhou L, Wu L, Feng G. Nest site selection and its implications for conservation of the endangered Oriental Stork Ciconia boyciana in Yellow River Delta. China Bird Conserv Int. 2019;30: 323-34.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Cockle KL, Brodati AA, Lammertink M, Bonaparte EB, Ferreyra CFS, Di Sallo FG. Predators of bird nests in the Atlantic forest of Argentina and Paraguay. Wilson J Ornithol. 2016;128: 120-31.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Cornell KL, Donovan TM. Effects of spatial habitat heterogeneity on habitat selection and annual fecundity for a migratory forest songbird. Landsc Ecol. 2010;25: 109-22.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Chalfoun AD, Schmidt KA. Adaptive breeding-habitat selection: is it for the birds. Auk. 2012b;129: 589-99.https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.129.4.589
Crossref
 
Collias NE, Collias EC. Nest building and bird behaviour. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1984.https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400853625
Crossref
 

Cuthbert R, Sommer E, Ryan P, Cooper J, Hilton G. Demography and conservation of the Tristan Albatross Diomedea [exulans] dabbenena. Biol Conserv. 2004;117: 471-81.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Dário FR, De Vincenzo MCV, Almeida AF. Avifauna em fragmentos da Mata Atlântica. Cienc Rural. 2002;32: 989-96.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Davanço PV, Oliveira LS, Souza LMS, Francisco MR. Breeding life-history traits of the Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas) in southeastern Brazil. Ornitol Neotrop. 2013;24: 401-11.
Google Scholar
 

Delhey K, Carrizo M, Verniere LC, Mahler B, Peters A. Seazonal variation in reproductive output of a Neotropical temperate suboscine the Firewood-gatherer (Annumbius annumbi). Auk. 2010;127: 222-31.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Del Hoyo J, Collar N, Kirwan GM. Atlantic Royal Flycatcher (Onychorhynchus swainsoni). In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, editors. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions; 2019. https://www.hbw.com/node/1343672. Accessed 1 Dec 2019.
 
Descourtilz JT. História natural das aves do Brasil (ornitologia brasileira): notáveis por sua plumagem, canto e hábitos. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia; 1983.
 

Dinsmore SJ, White GC, Knopf FL. Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival. Ecology. 2002;83: 3476-88.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Donatelli RJ, Ferreira CD, Dalbetoand AC, Posso SR. Análise comparativa da assembleia de aves em dois remanescentes florestais no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Brasil Rev Bras Zool. 2007;24: 362-75.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ferraz LPM, Varjabedian R. Evolução histórica da implantação e síntese das informações disponíveis sobre o Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. São Paulo: Instituto Florestal; 1999.
 

Fitzpatrick JW. Foraging behavior of Neotropical Tyrant Flycatchers. Condor. 1980;82: 43-57.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Fondell TF, Ball IJ. Density and success of bird nests relative to grazing on western Montana grasslands. Biol Conserv. 2004;117: 203-13.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Gilpin ME, Soulé ME. Minimum viable populations: processes of species extinction. In: Soulé ME, editor. Conservation Biology, the science of scarcity and diversity. Suderland: Sinauer Associates; 1986. p. 125-39.
 

Gjerdrum C, Elphick CS, Rubega M. Nest site selection and nesting success in salt marsh breeding Sparrows: the importance of nest habitat, timing, and study site differences. Condor. 2005;107: 849-62.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Goerck JM. Patterns of rarity in the birds of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Conserv Biol. 1997;11: 112-8.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Greeney HF, Dingle C, Dobbs RC, Martin PR. Natural history of Streak-necked FlycatcherMionectes striaticollis in north-east Ecuador. Cotinga. 2006;25: 59-64.
Google Scholar
 

Groves CR, Jensen DB, Valutis LL, Redford KH, Shaffer ML, Scott JM, et al. Planning for biodiversity conservation: putting conservation science into practice. Bioscience. 2002;52: 499-512.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Harnik PG, Simpson C, Payne JL. Long-term differences in extinction risk among the seven forms of rarity. Proc R Soc B. 2012;279: 4969-76.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Harrell FEJr. Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. R package version 4.2-0. 2019. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Hmisc. Accessed 1 Jan 2018.
 

Hasui E, Metzger JP, Pimentel RG, Silveira LF, Bovo AAB, Martensen AC, et al. Atlantic birds: a data set of bird species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecology. 2018;99: 497.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Horton RE. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geol Soc Am Bull. 1945;56: 275-370.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Magrath RD, Oteyza JC, Chalfoun AD, Haff TM, Schmidt KA, et al. Nest predation research: recent findings and future perspectives. J Ornithol. 2015;156: S247-62.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Jamieson IG, Allendorf FW. How does the 50/500 rule apply to MVPs? Trends Ecol Evol. 2012;27: 578-84.
 

Jetz W, Sekercioglu CH, Böhning-Gaese K. The worldwide variation in avian clutch size across species and space. PLoS Biol. 2008;6: 2650-7.
Google Scholar
 

Johnson EI, Stouffer PC, Vargas CF. Diversity, biomass, and trophic structure of a Central Amazonian Rainforest bird community. Rev Bras Ornitol. 2011;9: 1-16.
Google Scholar
 

Kirwan GM. Notes on the breeding ecology and seasonality of some Brazilian birds. Rev Bras Ornitol. 2009;17: 121-36.
Google Scholar
 
Laake JL. RMark: An R interface for analysis of capture-recapture data with MARK. R package version 2.2.6. 2013. https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/RMark/index.html. Accessed 1 Jan 2018.
 

Lemmon PE. A new instrument for measuring forest overstorey density. J For Res. 1957;55: 667-9.
Google Scholar
 

Lima RAF, Dittrich VAO, Souza VC, Salino A, Breier TB, Aguiar OT. Flora vascular do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, São Paulo. Brasil Biota Neotrop. 2011;11: 173-214.
Google Scholar
 

Linhares KV, Soares FA, Machado CS. Nest support plants of the Araripe Manakin Antilophia bokermanni, a critically endangered endemic bird from Ceará. Brazil Cotinga. 2010;32: 121-5.
Google Scholar
 
Londoño GA. Parque Nacional del Manu, Cusco, Perú Anidación de Aves en un Gradiente Altitudinal. Chicago: Science and Education; 2014.
 

Lopes LE, Marini MA. Biologia reprodutiva de Suiriri affinis e S. islerorum (Aves: Tyrannidae) no Cerrado do Brasil Central. Pap Avulsos Zool. 2005;45: 127-41.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Lu X. Hot genome leaves natural histories cold. Adv Sci Lett. 2015;349: 1064.
Google Scholar
 

Machado RB, Silveira LF, Silva MISG, Ubaid FK, Medolago CA, Francisco MR, et al. Reintroduction of songbirds from captivity: the case of the Great-billed Seed-finch (Sporophila maximiliani) in Brazil. Biodivers Conserv. 2020;29: 1613-36.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Maia-Gouvêa ER, Gouvêa E, Piratelli A. Comunidade de aves de sub-bosque em uma área de entorno do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro. Brasil Rev Bras Zool. 2005;22: 859-66.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Mallet-Rodrigues F, Guentert M, Kirwan G. Records of Atlantic Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus swainsoni from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Cotinga. 2006;26: 06-8.
Google Scholar
 

Mallet-Rodrigues F, Parrini R, Pacheco JF. Birds of the Serra dos Órgãos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil: a review. Rev Bras Ornitol. 2007;15: 05-35.
Google Scholar
 

Marques-Santos F, Braga TV, Wischhoff U, Roper JJ. Breeding biology of passerines in the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ornitol Neotrop. 2015;26: 363-74.
Google Scholar
 

Martin TE. Nest predation and nest sites. Bioscience. 1993;43: 523-32.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Martin TE, Geupel GR. Nest-monitoring plots: methods for locating nests and monitoring success. J Field Ornithol. 1993;64: 507-19.
Google Scholar
 
Mattoso AQ, Pisciotta K, Barros MIA, Maia JLC, Lorejan SF. Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, Plano de Manejo. São Miguel Arcanjo: Instituto Ekos Brasil; 2008.
 

Mayfield H. Nesting success calculated from exposure. Wilson Bull. 1961;73: 255-61.
Google Scholar
 

Mezquida ET. Nest site selection and nesting success of five species of passerines in a South American openProsopis woodland. J Ornithol. 2004;145: 16-22.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca GAB, Kent J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. 2000;403: 853-8.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Newmark WD, Stanley TR. Habitat fragmentation reduces nest survival in an Afrotropical bird community in a biodiversity hotspot. PNAS. 2011;108: 11488-93.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Noske RA, Mulyani YA, Lloyd P. Nesting beside old nests, but not over water, increases current nest survival in a tropical mangrove-dwelling warbler. J Ornithol. 2013;154: 517-23.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Ocampo D, Londoño GA. Tropical montane birds have increased nesting success on small river islands. Auk. 2015;132: 01-10.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Oliveira LS, Sousa LMS, Davanço PV, Francisco MR. Breeding behavior of the Lined Seedeater (Sporophila lineola) in southeastern Brazil. Ornitol Neotrop. 2010;21: 251-61.
Google Scholar
 

Oliveira-Filho AT, Fontes MAL. Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic forests in southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate. Biotropica. 2000;32: 793-810.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Oniki Y. Is nesting success of birds low in the tropics? Biotropica. 1979;11: 60-9.
 

Owens IPF, Bennett PM. Ecological basis of extinction risk in birds: Habitat loss versus human persecution and introduced predators. PNAS. 2000;97: 12144-8.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Pacífico EC, Barbosa EA, Filadelfo T, Oliveira KG, Silveira LF, Tella JL. Breeding to non-breeding population ratio and breeding performance of the globally endangered Lear's Macaw Anodorhynchus leari: conservation and monitoring implications. Bird Conserv Int. 2014;24: 466-76.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Parker TA Ⅲ, Stotz DF, Fitzpatrick JW. Ecological and distributional databases. In: Stotz DF, Fitzpatrick JW, Parker TA, Moskovits DK, editors. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1996. p. 113-436.
 

Peck ME. Protective adaptation in the nesting habits of some Central American birds. Proc Iowa Acad Sci. 1908;15: 177-82.
Google Scholar
 

Pense MR, Carvalho APC. Biodiversidade de aves do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (SP). Conscientiae Saúde. 2005;4: 55-61.
Google Scholar
 

Perrella DF, Biagolini-Júnior CH, Ribeiro-Silva L, Zima PVQ, Galetti Junior PM, Francisco MR. Nest, eggs, and nestlings of the Atlantic Forest endemic Star-throated Antwren (Rhopias gularis). Wilson J Ornithol. 2015;127: 322-6.
Google Scholar
 

Perrella DF, Biagolini Junior CH, Ribeiro-Silva L, Zima PVQ, Francisco MR. Reproduction of the Atlantic Forest endemic Star-throated Antwren, Rhopias gularis (Aves: Thamnophilidae). Braz J Biol. 2017;77: 356-60.
Google Scholar
 

Perrella DF, Ferrari DS, Katayama MV, Paiva RV, Guida FJV. A Avifauna do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, um remanescente de Mata Atlântica imerso na área urbana de São Paulo. SP Ornithologia. 2018;10: 04-16.
Google Scholar
 

Perrella DF, Zima PVQ, Ribeiro-Silva L, Biagolini CH Jr, Carmignotto AP, Galetti PM Jr, et al. Bats as predators at nests of tropical forest birds. J Avian Biol. 2020;51: e02277.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Pinto O. Sobre a coleção Carlos Estevão de peles, ninhos e ovos das aves de Belém (Pará). Pap Avulsos Zool. 1953;11: 111-222.
Google Scholar
 

Piratelli A, Andrade VA, Filho ML. Aves de fragmentos florestais em área de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar no sudeste do Brasil. Iheringia. 2005;95: 217-22.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Primack RB. Essentials of conservation Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates; 2006.
 
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2017. https://www.R-project.org/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.
 

Ribeiro MC, Metzger JP, Martensen AC, Ponzoni FJ, Hirota MM. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biol Conserv. 2009;142: 1141-53.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Ribeiro-Silva L, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Zima PVQ, Piratelli AJ, Schlindwein MN, et al. Testing camera traps as a potential tool for detecting nest predation of birds in a tropical rainforest environment. Zoologia. 2018;35: e14678.
Google Scholar
 

Ribon R, Simon JE, Mattos GT. Bird extinctions in Atlantic Forest fragments of the Viçosa region. Southeastern Brazil Conserv Biol. 2003;17: 1827-39.
Google Scholar
 

Robinson SK. Coloniality in the Yellow-rumped Cacique as a defense against nest predators. Auk. 1985;102: 506-19.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Robinson SK, Terborgh J. Bird community dynamics along primary successional gradients of an Amazonian whitewater river. Ornithol Monogr. 1997;48: 641-72.
Google Scholar
 

Robinson WD, Sherry TW. Mechanisms of avian population decline and species loss in tropical forest fragments. J Ornithol. 2012;153: S141-52.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Rodrigues VB, Jesus FM, Campo RI. Local habitat disturbance increases bird nest predation in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Anim Biodiv Conserv. 2018;41: 117-20.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Roldán-Clarà B, LaPergola JB, Chapa-Vargas L, Calmé S. Nest survival in the Neotropical Black Catbird (Melanoptila glabrirostris). J Ornithol. 2013;154: 491-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Roper JJ. Try and try again: nest predation favors persistence in a Neotropical bird. Ornitol Neotrop. 2005;16: 253-62.
Google Scholar
 

Schunck F, Melo MA, Sanches LA, Godoy FI, Martins GG, Mix P. Avifauna do Parque Ecológico do Guarapiranga e sua importância para a conservação das aves da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Ornithologia. 2016;9: 35-57.
Google Scholar
 
Sick H. Ornitologia brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira; 1997.
 

Skutch AF. Incubation and nesting periods of Central American birds. Auk. 1945;62: 08-37.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Skutch AF. Life histories of Central American birds II: Families Vireonidae, Sylviidae, Turdidae, Troglodytidae, Paridae, Corvidae, Hirundinidae and Tyrannidae. Berkeley: Cooper Ornithological Society; 1960.
 

Small MF, Hunter ML. Forest fragmentation and avian nest predation in forested landscapes. Oecologia. 1988;76: 62-4.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Tashian RE. Some birds from the palenque region of Northeastern Chiapas. México Auk. 1952;69: 60-6.
Google Scholar
 

Tellkamp MP, Martin TH. Noteworthy bird records from southern Yucatán state. México Cotinga. 2015;37: 18-21.
Google Scholar
 

Terborgh J. Preservation of natural diversity: the problem of extinction prone species. Bioscience. 1974;24: 715-22.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Tonetti VR, Rego MA, de Luca AC, Develey PF, Schunck F, Silveira LF. Historical knowledge, richness and relative representativeness of the avifauna of the largest native urban rainforest in the world. Zoologia. 2017;34: e13728.
Google Scholar
 

Ubaid FK, Silveira LF, Medolago CB, Costa TVV, Francisco MR, Barbosa KVC, et al. Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae). Zootaxa. 2018;4442: 551-71.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Von Ihering H. Novas contribuições para a ornitologia do Brasil. Rev Mus Paul. 1914;9: 411-88.
Google Scholar
 

Wetmore A. The birds of the Republic of Panamá, part 3, Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae (Woodcreepers) to Oxyruncidae (Sharpbills). Smithson Misc Collect. 1972;150: 1-631.
Google Scholar
 

White GC, Burnham KP. Program MARK: Survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study. 1999;46: S120-39.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Whittingham MJ. Observations at a nest of the Pacific Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus occidentalis. Bull Br Ornithol Club. 1994;114: 131-2.
Google Scholar
 

Willis EO. The composition of avian communities in remanescent woodlots in Southern Brazil. Pap Avulsos Zool. 1979;33: 01-25.
Google Scholar
 
Winkler DW. Nests, eggs, and young: the breeding biology of birds. In: Podulka S, Rohrbaugh, RW, Bonney R, Handbook of bird biology. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; 2004. p. 8.1-8.152.
 
Xiao H, Hu Y, Lang Z, Fang B, Guo W, Zhang Q, et al. How much do we know about the breeding biology of bird species in the world? J Avian Biol. 2016;47: 1-6.
 

Zima PVQ, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Ribeiro-Silva L, Francisco MR. Breeding behavior of the Atlantic forest endemic Blue Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata). Wilson J Ornithol. 2017;129: 53-61.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zoellick BW, Ulmschneider HM, Cade BS, Stanley AW. Isolation of Snake River islands and mammalian predation of waterfowl nests. J Wildlife Manage. 2004;68: 650-62.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhu X, Srivastava DS, Smith JNM, Martin K. Habitat selection and reproductive success of Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) at its northern limit. PLoS ONE. 2012;7: e44346.
Crossref Google Scholar
Avian Research
Volume 12 Issue 1,
January 2021
Article number: 2
DOI: 10.1186/s40657-020-00237-2
Cite this article:
Perrella DF, Zima PVQ, Francisco MR. Nest site selection and reproductive parameters of the threatened Atlantic Royal Flycatcher (Onychorhynchus swainsoni) and their significance for conservation. Avian Research, 2021, 12(1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-020-00237-2

700

Views

18

Downloads

4

Crossref

3

Web of Science

3

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 30 July 2020
Accepted: 14 December 2020
Published: 05 January 2021
© The Author(s) 2021.

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Return