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Research | Open Access

Multilocus phylogeography and ecological niche modeling suggest speciation with gene flow between the two Bamboo Partridges

Pengcheng Wang1, Chiafen Yeh2, Jiang Chang3, Hongyan Yao4, Yiqiang Fu5, Chengte Yao6, Xiao Wang1, Shouhsien Li2, Zhengwang Zhang7( )
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 55244, China
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Abstract

Background

Understanding how species diversify is a long-standing question in biology. The allopatric speciation model is a classic hypothesis to explain the speciation process. This model supposes that there is no gene flow during the divergence process of geographically isolated populations. On the contrary, the speciation with gene flow model supposes that gene flow does occur during the speciation process. Whether allopatric species have gene flow during the speciation process is still an open question.

Methods

We used the genetic information from 31 loci of 24 Chinese Bamboo Partridges (Bambusicola thoracicus) and 23 Taiwan Bamboo Partridges (B. sonorivox) to infer the gene flow model of the two species, using the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) model. The ecological niche model was used to infer the paleo-distribution during the glacial period. We also tested whether the two species had a conserved ecological niche by means of a background similarity test.

Results

The genetic data suggested that the post-divergence gene flow between the two species was terminated before the mid-Pleistocene. Furthermore, our ecological niche modeling suggested that their ecological niches were highly conserved, and that they shared an overlapping potential distribution range in the last glacial maximum.

Conclusions

The allopatric speciation model cannot explain the speciation process of the two Bamboo Partridges. The results of this study supported a scenario in which speciation with gene flow occurring between the allopatric species and have contributed to our understanding of the speciation process.

Keywords

EvolutionAllopatric speciationBamboo PartridgeReproductive isolationSpeciation with gene flow

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Avian Research
Volume 12 Issue 1,
January 2021
Article number: 17
DOI: 10.1186/s40657-021-00252-x
Cite this article:
Wang P, Yeh C, Chang J, et al. Multilocus phylogeography and ecological niche modeling suggest speciation with gene flow between the two Bamboo Partridges. Avian Research, 2021, 12(1): 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00252-x

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Received: 30 December 2020
Accepted: 16 April 2021
Published: 24 April 2021
© The Author(s) 2021.

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