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Research | Open Access

Taxonomic revision of the Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) complex based on vocalizations reveals three species

George Sangster1( ), Kim Manzon Cancino2, Robert O. Hutchinson3
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
423 N. Espino Street, Poblacion, Bugallon, Pangasinan, Philippines
Birdtour Asia Ltd, 26 Sutton Avenue, Chellaston, Derby, DE73 6RJ, UK
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Abstract

Background

The Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) is a widespread, polytypic species which was previously treated as two or three species. It is currently treated as a single species based on superficial similarity of their songs but no detailed comparisons of the songs in this complex have been made.

Methods

A total of 15 acoustic variables were measured for the songs of 86 individuals representing 8 of the 10 subspecies in the complex.

Results

Three major groups can be distinguished based on univariate and multivariate analyses: a northern group consisting of the subspecies C. a. monticolus, C. a. amoyensis and C. a. stictomus; a southern group consisting of C. a. affinis, C. a. kasuidori, C. a. timorensis and C. a. propinquus; and a third group in the Philippines consisting of C. a. griseatus.

Conclusions

It is here argued that these groups are best treated as species, and that Franklin's Nightjar (C. monticolus) and Kayumanggi Nightjar (C. griseatus) are reinstated as separate species.

Keywords

TaxonomyCaprimulgidaeMacrogeograpic variationVocalizations

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Avian Research
Volume 12 Issue 1,
January 2021
Article number: 54
DOI: 10.1186/s40657-021-00288-z
Cite this article:
Sangster G, Cancino KM, Hutchinson RO. Taxonomic revision of the Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) complex based on vocalizations reveals three species. Avian Research, 2021, 12(1): 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00288-z

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Received: 29 April 2021
Accepted: 13 October 2021
Published: 28 October 2021
© The Author(s) 2021.

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