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Review | Open Access

Interpreting forest diversity-productivity relationships: volume values, disturbance histories and alternative inferences

Douglas Sheil1 ( ), Frans Bongers2
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Understanding the relationship between stand-level tree diversity and productivity has the potential to inform the science and management of forests. History shows that plant diversity-productivity relationships are challenging to interpret—and this remains true for the study of forests using non-experimental field data. Here we highlight pitfalls regarding the analyses and interpretation of such studies. We examine three themes: 1) the nature and measurement of ecological productivity and related values; 2) the role of stand history and disturbance in explaining forest characteristics; and 3) the interpretation of any relationship. We show that volume production and true productivity are distinct, and neither is a demonstrated proxy for economic values. Many stand characteristics, including diversity, volume growth and productivity, vary intrinsically with succession and stand history. We should be characterising these relationships rather than ignoring or eliminating them. Failure to do so may lead to misleading conclusions. To illustrate, we examine the study which prompted our concerns —Liang et al. (Science 354:aaf8957, 2016)— which developed a sophisticated global analysis to infer a worldwide positive effect of biodiversity (tree species richness) on "forest productivity" (stand level wood volume production). Existing data should be able to address many of our concerns. Critical evaluations will improve understanding.

Keywords

CorrelationProductivityDiversityCausationInferenceRichnessTree-growthWood-density

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 7 Issue 1,
March 2020
Article number: 6
DOI: 10.1186/s40663-020-0215-x
Cite this article:
Sheil D, Bongers F. Interpreting forest diversity-productivity relationships: volume values, disturbance histories and alternative inferences. Forest Ecosystems, 2020, 7(1): 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-020-0215-x

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Received: 28 May 2019
Accepted: 09 January 2020
Published: 31 January 2020
© The Author(s) 2020.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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