Home Advances in Aerodynamics Article
PDF (4.8 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Abstract
Keywords
References
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research | Open Access

Aeroacoustic prediction based on large-eddy simulation and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation

Yufei Zhang(), Yang Xiao, Ruihuan Liu, Haixin Chen
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

A hybrid noise computation method is presented in this paper. Large-eddy simulation with wall-model equation is proposed to compute the flow field. With a stress-balanced wall-model equation, the near-wall computation cost of large eddy simulation was effectively reduced. The instantaneous flow variables obtained by the large-eddy simulation were used to compute the noise source terms of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation. The present method was investigated with two test cases: a single cylinder at Re = 10,000 and a rod-airfoil at Re = 480,000. The flow quantities and aeroacoustic characteristics were compared with the reference data. The mean velocity profiles and spectra of the flow fluctuations were consistent with data from the literature. When compared with the reference data, the noise computation error was less than 3 dB. The computation results demonstrate the present wall-modeled large eddy simulation is efficient for the noise computation of complex vortex shedding flows.

Keywords

Aeroacoustic predictionWall-modeled large-eddy simulationVortex sheddingVortex interaction noise

References

1
International Civil Aviation Organization (2017) Reduction of noise at source. https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/pages/reduction-of-noise-at-source.aspx. Accessed 30 Oct 2021
2

Dobrzynski W (2010) Almost 40 years of airframe noise research: what did we achieve? J Aircr 47(2):353–367. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.44457

Crossref Google Scholar
3

Spalart PR, Shur ML (2009) Variants of the Ffowcs Williams - Hawkings equation and their coupling with simulations of hot jets. Int J Aeroacoust 8(5):477–491

Crossref Google Scholar
4
Khalighi Y, Nichols JW, Ham F, Lele SK, Moin P (2011) Unstructured large-eddy simulation for prediction of noise issued from turbulent jets in various configurations. Paper presented at the 17th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (32nd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), Portland, 5-8 June 2011. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2886
Crossref
5

Guo YP, Joshi MC (2003) Noise characteristics of aircraft high lift systems. AIAA J 41(7):1247–1256. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2093

Crossref Google Scholar
6

Bulté J, Redonnet S (2017) Landing gear noise identification using phased array with experimental and computational data. AIAA J 55(11):3839–3850

Crossref Google Scholar
7

Wang M, Freund JB, Lele SK (2006) Computational prediction of flow-generated sound. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 38:483–512

Crossref Google Scholar
8

Choi H, Moin P (2012) Grid-point requirements for large eddy simulation: Chapman’s estimates revisited. Phys Fluids 24:011702

Crossref Google Scholar
9

Zhang Y, Chen H, Wang K, Wang M (2017) Aeroacoustic prediction of a multi-element airfoil using wall-modeled large-eddy simulation. AIAA J 55(12):4219–4233

Crossref Google Scholar
10

Xiao Z, Liu J, Luo K, Huang J, Fu S (2013) Investigation of flows around a rudimentary landing gear with advanced detached-eddy-simulation approaches. AIAA J 51(1):107–125

Crossref Google Scholar
11

Lockard DP (2000) An efficient, two-dimensional implementation of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation. J Sound Vib 229(4):897–911. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2522

Crossref Google Scholar
12
Larsson J, Kawai S (2010) Wall-modeling in large eddy simulation: length scales, grid resolution and accuracy. In: Center for Turbulence Research, Annual Research Briefs, pp 39–46
13

Ffowcs Williams JE, Hawkings DL (1969) Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion. Philos Trans R Soc London Ser A Math Phys Sci 264(1151):321–342

Crossref Google Scholar
14
Hirschberg A, Rienstra S (2007) Theoretical background: aeroacoustics. In: Wagner C, Hüttl T, Sagaut P (eds) Large-eddy simulation for acoustics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Crossref
15
Watkins S (2010) Aerodynamic noise and its refinement in vehicles. In: Wang X (ed) Vehicle noise and vibration refinement. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge
Crossref
16
Khalighi Y (2010) Computational aeroacoustics of complex flows at low Mach number. Ph.D Dissertation, Stanford University
17

Jacob MC, Boudet J, Casalino D, Michard M (2005) A rod-airfoil experiment as a benchmark for broadband noise modeling. Theor Comput Fluid Dyn 19:171–196

Crossref Google Scholar
18

Xiao M, Zhang Y, Zhou F (2019) Numerical study of iced airfoils with horn features using large-eddy simulation. J Aircr 56(1):94–107

Crossref Google Scholar
19

Vreman AW (2004) An eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model for turbulent shear flow: algebraic theory and applications. Phys Fluids 16(10):3670–3681. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1785131

Crossref Google Scholar
20

Kawai S, Larsson J (2012) Wall-modeling in large eddy simulation: length scales, grid resolution, and accuracy. Phys Fluids 24(1):015105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3678331

Crossref Google Scholar
21

Cabot W, Moin P (1999) Approximate wall boundary conditions in the large-eddy simulation of high Reynolds number flow. Flow Turbul Combust 63:269–291

Crossref Google Scholar
22
Lockard DP (2002) A comparison of Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings solvers for airframe noise applications. Paper presented at the 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference & Exhibit, AIAA 2002–2580, Breckenridge, 17-19 June 2002
Crossref
23
Breuer M (2007) Chapter 5, numerical methods, section 5.2 Boundary conditions for LES. In: Wagner CA, Huttl T, Sagaut P (eds) Large-eddy simulation for acoustics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
24

Jeong J, Hussain F (1995) On the identification of a vortex. J Fluid Mech 285:69–94

Crossref Google Scholar
25

Shur M, Spalart P, Strelets M (2005) Noise prediction for increasingly complex jets. Part Ⅰ: methods and tests. Int J Aeroacoust 4(3):213–246. https://doi.org/10.1260/1475472054771376

Crossref Google Scholar
Advances in Aerodynamics
Volume 4 Issue 1,
December 2022
Pages 19-19
DOI: 10.1186/s42774-022-00112-2
Cite this article:
Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu R, et al. Aeroacoustic prediction based on large-eddy simulation and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation. Advances in Aerodynamics, 2022, 4(1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-022-00112-2
Metrics & Citations  
Article History
Copyright
Rights and Permissions
Return