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Review Article | Publishing Language: Chinese | Open Access

Research progress on the dentin adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis and its influencing factors

Yuan XIE1,2, Xingqun CHENG1,3, Yuqing LI1, Xin XU1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is the main pathogen causing refractory apical periodontitis (RAP). This bacterium can tolerate harsh environments and trigger periapical immune inflammatory responses that result in persistent infection inside and outside the root canal. Adhesion to the dentin wall of root canals and the subsequent formation of biofilms significantly enhances the drug resistance and anti-erosion ability of Enterococcus faecalis, which is the key factor mediating its pathogenesis. The adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to dentin involves non-specific adhesion and specific adhesion, and the latter is mediated by adhesion-related virulence factors, mainly including the adhesin of collagen from enterococci (Ace), extracellular surface protein (Esp), gelatinase (GelE), serine protease (SprE), endocarditis and biofilm associated pilus (Ebp) and aggregation substance (AS), which is regulated by multiple two-component systems. The two-component system Fsr can promote the expression of gelE and sprE when the cell population density increases. GelE can further reduce Ace, while the two-component system GrvRS directly downregulates ace expression in response to the serum environment. The two-component systems CroRS and WalRK may also promote and inhibit the expression of various virulence factors, including ace and gelE, thus affecting the adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis. In addition, the mechanochemical preparation and the internal environment of the root canal can also influence the adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to dentin. Avoiding the introduction of Enterococcus faecalis and using adhesion-interfering medications during root canal treatment can effectively prevent the adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis, and a variety of activated irrigation protocols can also be effective at increasing the clearance of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal. The design of rational drugs targeting key factors involved in and regulators of the adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to dentin is expected to provide new ideas and strategies for root canal infection control. The present paper reviews the adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to dentin and its influencing factors.

Keywords

influencing factorsbiofilmbacterial adhesionrefractory periapical periodontitisEnterococcus faecalisdentinadhesion-related genestwo-component systemtwo-component system Fsrtwo-component system GrvRStwo-component system CroRStwo-component system WalRKactivated irrigation
CLC number: R78 Document code: A Article ID: 2096-1456(2024)08-0632-08

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Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
Volume 32 Issue 8,
August 2024
Pages 632-639
DOI: 10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.08.009
Cite this article:
XIE Y, CHENG X, LI Y, et al. Research progress on the dentin adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis and its influencing factors. Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases, 2024, 32(8): 632-639. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2024.08.009

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Received: 06 November 2023
Revised: 25 March 2024
Published: 20 August 2024
© 2024 by Editorial Department of Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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