Continuously promoting the development of characteristic industries is the only way for high-quality economic and social development in Xinjiang. Therefore, based on the data of eight leading industries in Xinjiang from 2011 to 2021, this paper used exploratory spatial data analysis to explore the cluster development trend and spatial pattern of eight leading industries in Xinjiang, and the effect of carbon peaking pressure is further discussed. The research conclusions are as follows. 1) The proportion of Xinjiang's primary industry is higher than the national average level, while Xinjiang's secondary and tertiary industries are lower than the national average level; Moreover, the level of Xinjiang's industrial structure upgrade is lower than the national average, and the rationalization of industrial structure is slightly higher than the national average. 2) The scale of eight industrial clusters in Xinjiang has gradually emerged, and is at the forefront of the country. 3) Xinjiang's eight major industries occupy a leading position in terms of total volume, share, structure and competitiveness, and are advantageous industries in promoting regional economic and social development. 4) During the study period, the eight major industries in Xinjiang play an important role in employment and economic growth, and are an important driving force for regional economic and social development. 5) There were significant differences in the impact of carbon peak pressure on the eight industrial cluster development of Xinjiang, which effectively promoted the cluster development of oil and gas production and processing, green organic fruits and vegetables and new energy and materials industries, but has not played an effective role in promoting the other industrial cluster development.