Oxidation Resistance of Equimolar Multicomponent Transition Metal Carbide Solid Solution
), Guo-Jun ZHANG1,2()Abstract
transition metal carbides and their solid solutions have high melting points and excellent mechanical properties, which have broad application prospects in the machining and aerospace industries. However, their low oxidation resistance at high temperatures limits further development and applications. In this work, using ZrC as the basic group component, by introducing IVB and VB group transition metal elements Ti, Hf, Nb and Ta, the binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary equimolar transition metal carbide solid solution powders are synthesized by carbothermal reduction process and their dense ceramics with compositions of (Ti1/2Zr1/2)C、(Ti1/3Zr1/3Hf1/3)C、(Ti1/4Zr1/4Hf1/4Nb1/4)C、(Ti1/4Zr1/4Hf1/4Ta1/4)C、(Ti1/4Zr1/4Nb1/4Ta1/4)C、(Zr1/4Hf1/4Nb1/4Ta1/4)C、(Ti1/5Zr1/5Hf1/5Nb1/5Ta1/5)C are prepared by spark plasma sintering. The oxidation resistance of the ceramics at 1200℃ in flowing air is evaluated. The effects of the component number and the transition metal elements on the materials' oxidation behavior are analyzed. The results show that all the samples are single-phase solid solutions with NaCl-type cubic crystal structure. As the component number increases, the mixing entropy of the materials increases, and the thickness of the oxide layer and the oxidation weight gain rate of the materials after the oxidation test becomes smaller. Among the four quaternary carbide solid solution ceramics with the same mixing entropy, the carbide solid solution ceramics containing Nb elements showed better oxidation resistance. After oxidized at 1200 ℃ for 10 min in flowing air, five-component transition metal carbide solid solution (Ti1/5Zr1/5Hf1/5Nb1/5Ta1/5)C ceramics with the largest mixing entropy and containing Nb elements shows an oxide layer thickness 21.5 μm and a mass gain per unit surface area of 1.62 mg/cm2, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of other binary, ternary, and quaternary equimolar carbide solid solution ceramics. The results reveal increased mixing entropy of the multicomponent transition metal carbides solid solution improved their thermodynamic stability. Meanwhile, the low-melting-point oxidation products, such as Nb2O5 and Zr6Nb2O17, promoted the densification of the surface oxide layer. These two factors synergistically improve the oxidation resistance of the prepared ceramics. The study can provide a reference for the new compositional design of antioxidant transition metal carbide ceramics.
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