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Anchors are typical mass concrete structures found in large bridges, characterized by large structural sizes, complex boundary conditions with irregular shapes, low reinforcement ratios, high crack resistance requirements, and challenges in temperature control and crack prevention. The development of an adaptive, intelligent cooling control method and system is crucial for crack prevention and improving concrete pouring quality.
This paper proposes an intelligent cooling control method for bridge anchorage, including: (1) The basic control principles of heat balance of supply and use, accurate control, and online warning. (2) A fundamental intelligent control strategy involving real thermal field simulation and a temperature-flow coupling control algorithm. The combined influence of temperature and flow is considered when predicting the cooling system parameters. This study uses a hybrid approach involving a long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and proportional integral derivative (PID) control algorithms to predict the future water flow rate based on the current concrete and cooling system state parameters, facilitating the temperature-to-flow mapping. (3) A "multiple terminal-edge computing-cloud storage" control model is implemented, which incorporates edge computing within the control cabinet, providing localized endpoint services to improve data transmission performance, ensure real-time processing, and reduce latency. Cloud computing uses machine learning to provide instructions for adjusting temperature and flow rates based on the deviations between the actual and target temperature control curves. Furthermore, fault recognition and rapid diagnosis functions are also implemented. Intelligent cooling control equipments and code platforms are developed for realizing online perception, real analysis, feedback control, remote diagnostics, and early warning systems for the cooling process. The system comprises water supply, reversing, control and heat exchange subsystems, and a multiterminal software platform based on WeChat and the web.
This paper adopted simulation, equipment development, and field application methods based on the Longmen Bridge project. Real temperature field simulation calculations were conducted, the temperature distribution during the cooling process was analyzed, and the impact of heat transfer from the upper layer of concrete, as well as the design of cooling pipes, was optimized. Parameters such as water temperature, water flow, concrete temperature, and temperature gradient were analyzed. Furthermore, as part of a long-term temperature monitoring process, the impact of heat transfer from the upper layer of concrete was assessed to reduce the temperature difference between layers. A personalized water-cooling strategy was proposed, and the timing of the water supply was adjusted.
The established temperature-flow coupling control algorithm, model, equipment, and platform achieve real-time monitoring, analysis, control, continuous optimization, and early warning of water-cooling information online and remotely. The study results are successfully applied to the west anchorage of the Longmen Bridge. No temperature cracks are observed on the bridge site, which reduce manpower and water consumption. The results can be used as a design and construction reference for thermal cracking control in similar projects.
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