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Review Article | Open Access

New frontiers in biomaterials research for tissue repair and regeneration

Huiling Liu1,2,§, Haoran Liu1,2,§, Aaron Clasky2,3, Huilin Yang1,2, Lei Yang1,2( )
Institute of Orthopedics and Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
International Research Center for Translational Orthopedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Nanotechnology Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada

§These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

The field of biomaterials has recently emerged to augment or replace lost or damaged tissues and organs due to the human body’s limited ability to self-heal large defects. Historically, metallic components, polymers, ceramics, and composite materials were utilized as synthetic materials along with natural materials to assist in therapy. Various novel biomaterials were developed to respond to a significant amount of new medical challenges in the past decade. Therefore, there is a need to review these newly developed biomaterials and their potential to improve tissue repair and regeneration in a variety of applications. Here, we briefly review the different strategies and attempts to use novel biomaterials, including self-assembled and macromolecular biomaterials, hydrogels, metamaterials, decellularized tissues, and biomaterials obtained via synthetic biology, used either for tissue repair and regeneration or for therapeutic use by exploiting other mechanisms of healing. All these methods aim to create functional materials, devices, systems, and/or organisms with novel and useful functions on the basis of catalogued and standardized biological building blocks. This review details the various methods and introduces the applications of these biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration, especially for bone, nerve, and skin applications.

Keywords

biomaterialstissue engineeringhydrogelmetamaterialssynthetic biology

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Brain Science Advances
Volume 2 Issue 2,
June 2016
Pages 120-137
DOI: 10.18679/CN11-6030_R.2016.017
Cite this article:
Liu H, Liu H, Clasky A, et al. New frontiers in biomaterials research for tissue repair and regeneration. Brain Science Advances, 2016, 2(2): 120-137. https://doi.org/10.18679/CN11-6030_R.2016.017

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Received: 20 May 2016
Revised: 30 May 2016
Accepted: 31 May 2016
Published: 01 June 2016
© The authors 2016.

This article is published with open access at www.TNCjournal.com
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