Groundwater regulation and storage supporting ecological environment | Groundwater regulation and storage zones in coastland, deltas, and lowlands | Coastal alluvial aquifers and lagoon silt aquifers. Groundwater is affected by the mixed seawater, leading to striking imbalance between the water resources supply and demand. It plays a relatively important role in supporting the economy and the ecological environment. |
| Groundwater regulation and storage zones in plains, basins, and hilly lowlands | Alluvial and diluvial unconsolidated sediments, featuring active water cycle and alternation and high capacity of groundwater regulation. Groundwater plays an important role in supporting the economy and the ecological environment. |
Groundwater maintaining ecological environment | Groundwater conservation zones in low mountains and hills | Various bedrock aquifers. Groundwater mainly consists of karst water, weathering fissure water, and structural fissure water. Unconsolidated sediments aquifers in intermountain basins serve as groundwater catchment zones which act as important ecological defense for the plain. |
| Groundwater conservation zones in plateau mountains | Plateau bedrock mountains where controlled by orographic precipitation are sources of rivers and the main recharge sources of groundwater. Groundwater conservation interacts well with the maintenance of the forest ecosystem. |
| Groundwater conservation zones in alpine tundras | High-altitude and high-latitude regions, where have island-shaped frozen layers and glacial development. Glacier thawing and frozen layer degeneration are significantly affected by global climate change. These zones play an important role in groundwater recharge and conservation. |
Fragile ecological environment with deficient groundwater | Groundwater-deficient zones in desert and gobi | Barren area with small precipitation, dry air, and scarce vegetation, where the ground surface is completely covered by sands. After vegetation destruction by wind-sand activities, the ecological environment degradation is characterized by dune fluctuation that resembles desert landscape. |
| Groundwater-deficient zones in the Loess Plateau | The Loess Plateau features deep loess accumulation, vertical joints development, unconsolidated macropore structure, fragmented ground surface, and criss-crossed gullies. It presents dry climate, serious soil erosion induced by concentrated precipitation, and poor ecological function. |
| Groundwater-deficient zones with karst stony desertification | The fragile karst ecological environment suffers destroyed vegetation, soil erosion, and decline and deprivation of land productivity. The ground surface shows a desertification landscape such as gradually exposed rocks. The ecological function is poor. |