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Review | Open Access

Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers

Klaudia Anna Szymonowicz1, Junjie Chen1( )
Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract

Cancer-related diseases represent the second overall cause of death worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an infectious agent which is mainly sexually transmitted and may lead to HPV-associated cancers in both men and women. Almost all cervical cancers are HPV-associated, however, an increasing number of head and neck cancers (HNCs), especially oropharyngeal cancer, can be linked to HPV infection. Moreover, anogenital cancers, including vaginal, vulvar, penial, and anal cancers, represent a subset of HPV-related cancers. Whereas testing and prevention of cervical cancer have significantly improved over past decades, anogenital cancers remain more difficult to confirm. Current clinical trials including patients with HPV-related cancers focus on finding proper testing for all HPV-associated cancers as well as improve the currently applied treatments. The HPV viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, lead to degradation of, respectively, p53 and pRb resulting in entering the S phase without G1 arrest. These high-risk HPV viral oncogenes alter numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair, angiogenesis, and/or apoptosis, which eventually result in carcinogenesis. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression and alteration among a panel of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) repair genes in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNC cancers reveals differences pointing to HPV-dependent modifications of DNA repair processes in these cancers. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding HPV-related cancers, current screening, and treatment options as well as DNA damage response-related biological aspects of the HPV infection and clinical trials.

Keywords

clinical trialscervical cancercancer statisticsDNA repairHuman papillomavirus (HPV)HNC

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 17 Issue 4,
November 2020
Pages 864-878
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370
Cite this article:
Szymonowicz KA, Chen J. Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2020, 17(4): 864-878. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370

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Received: 08 July 2020
Accepted: 21 October 2020
Published: 15 November 2020
©2020 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

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