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Original Article | Open Access

Effects of cancer on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63,019 participants

Ludi Yang,*, Peiwei Chai,*, Jie Yu, Xianqun Fan ( )
Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China

*These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Objective

Patients with underlying diseases are more vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to investigate cancer incidence in patients with COVID-19 and to determine whether cancer was associated with mortality among patients with COVID-19.

Methods

Electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and medRxiv were conducted to collect studies that provided data regarding the incidence and mortality of cancer patients with COVID-19. Meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled incidences, risk ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity among studies was detected using I2 statistics.

Results

A total of 19 retrospective studies involving 63,019 patients (2,682 patients with cancer) were included. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled incidence of cancer in COVID-19 patients was 6% (95% CI: 3%–9%). The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with cancer was higher than that of those without cancer [risk ratio (RR): 1.8, 95% CI: 1.38–2.35, P < 0.01]. Studies on specific types of cancer showed that among COVID-19 patients, the mortality rate of lung cancer patients was higher than that of patients without lung cancer (RR: 1.8, 95% CI: 0.85–3.80, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Patients with cancer were more susceptible to COVID-19. As a risk factor, cancer increased mortality among COVID-19 patients. Among COVID-19 patients with cancer, those who had lung cancer had a higher mortality than those without lung cancer. Our findings suggested that clinicians should pay more attention to cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and provide useful information for their clinical management.

Keywords

COVID-19meta-analysiscancerincidencemortality

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 18 Issue 1,
February 2021
Pages 298-307
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0559
Cite this article:
Yang L, Chai P, Yu J, et al. Effects of cancer on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63,019 participants. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2021, 18(1): 298-307. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0559

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Received: 16 September 2020
Accepted: 04 November 2020
Published: 01 February 2021
©2021 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

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