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Review | Open Access

Nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles for therapeutic cancer vaccine development

Jie Liang1,2, Xiao Zhao1,2 ( )
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Abstract

Nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles such as lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganics-based, and bio-inspired vehicles often carry distinct and attractive advantages in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. Based on various delivery vehicles, specifically designed nanomaterials-based vaccines are highly advantageous in boosting therapeutic and prophylactic antitumor immunities. Specifically, therapeutic vaccines featuring unique properties have made major contributions to the enhancement of antigen immunogenicity, encapsulation efficiency, biocompatibility, and stability, as well as promoting antigen cross-presentation and specific CD8+ T cell responses. However, for clinical applications, tumor-associated antigen-derived vaccines could be an obstacle, involving immune tolerance and deficiency of tumor specificities, in achieving maximum therapeutic indices. However, when using bioinformatics predictions with emerging innovations of in silico tools, neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines might become potent personalized vaccines for tumor treatments. In this review, we summarize the development of preclinical therapeutic cancer vaccines and the advancements of nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapies, which provide the basis for a personalized vaccine delivery platform. Moreover, we review the existing challenges and future perspectives of nanomaterial-based personalized vaccines for novel tumor immunotherapies.

Keywords

neoantigentumor immunotherapyNanomaterial-based delivery vehiclesbioinformatic predictionpersonalized vaccines

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 18 Issue 2,
May 2021
Pages 352-371
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0004
Cite this article:
Liang J, Zhao X. Nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles for therapeutic cancer vaccine development. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2021, 18(2): 352-371. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0004

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Received: 04 January 2021
Accepted: 26 March 2021
Published: 01 May 2021
©2021 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

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