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Original Article | Open Access

Comparative profiling of immune genes improves the prognoses of lower grade gliomas

Zhiliang Wang1,*, Wen Cheng2,*, Zheng Zhao1, Zheng Wang3, Chuanbao Zhang3, Guanzhang Li1, Anhua Wu2 ( ), Tao Jiang1,3( )
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China

*These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Objective

Lower grade gliomas (LGGs), classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ gliomas, comprise a heterogeneous group with a median survival time ranging from 4–13 years. Accurate prediction of the survival times of LGGs remains a major challenge in clinical practice.

Methods

We reviewed the expression data of 865 LGG patients from 5 transcriptomics cohorts. The comparative profile of immune genes was analyzed for signature identification and validation. In-house RNAseq and microarray data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset were used as training and internal validation cohorts, respectively. The samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE16011 cohorts were used as external validation cohorts, and the real-time PCR of frozen LGG tissue samples (n = 36) were used for clinical validation.

Results

A total of 2,214 immune genes were subjected to pairwise comparison to generate 2,449,791 immune-related gene pairs (IGPs). A total of 402 IGPs were identified with prognostic values for LGGs. The HOXA9-related and CRH-related scores facilitated identification of patients with different prognoses. An immune signature based on 10 IGPs was constructed to stratify patients into low and high risk groups, exhibiting different clinical outcomes. A nomogram, combining immune signature, 1p/19q status, and tumor grade, was able to predict the overall survival (OS) with c-indices of 0.85, 0.80, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.75 in the training, internal validation, external validation, and tissue sample cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions

This study was the first to report a comparative profiling of immune genes in large LGG cohorts. A promising individualized immune signature was developed to estimate the survival time for LGG patients.

Keywords

prognosisimmuneLower grade gliomagene pairssignature

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 19 Issue 4,
April 2022
Pages 533-550
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0173
Cite this article:
Wang Z, Cheng W, Zhao Z, et al. Comparative profiling of immune genes improves the prognoses of lower grade gliomas. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2022, 19(4): 533-550. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0173

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Received: 16 March 2021
Accepted: 16 July 2021
Published: 01 April 2022
©2022 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

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