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Review | Open Access

Tumor organoids for cancer research and personalized medicine

Hui Yang1, Yinuo Wang1, Peng Wang1, Ning Zhang1, Pengyuan Wang1,2 ( )
Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Organoids are three-dimensional culture systems generated from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells. They are capable of cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Upon stimulation by signal factors and/or growth factors, organoids self-assemble to replicate the morphological and structural characteristics of the corresponding organs. They provide an extraordinary platform for investigating organ development and mimicking pathological processes. Organoid biobanks derived from a wide range of carcinomas have been established to represent different lesions or stages of clinical tumors. Importantly, genomic and transcriptomic analyses have confirmed maintenance of intra- and interpatient heterogeneities in organoids. Therefore, this technology has the potential to revolutionize drug screening and personalized medicine. In this review, we summarized the characteristics and applications of organoids in cancer research by the establishment of organoid biobanks directly from tumor organoids or from genetically modified non-cancerous organoids. We also analyzed the current state of organoid applications in drug screening and personalized medicine.

Keywords

personalized medicineheterogeneityOrganoidscancer researchclinical cancer therapy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 19 Issue 3,
March 2022
Pages 319-332
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0335
Cite this article:
Yang H, Wang Y, Wang P, et al. Tumor organoids for cancer research and personalized medicine. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2022, 19(3): 319-332. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0335

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Received: 02 June 2021
Accepted: 07 July 2021
Published: 15 March 2022
©2022 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

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