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Review | Open Access

Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity in remodeling the breast tumor immune microenvironment: from the perspective of inflammation

Hengjun Zhang, Mozhi Wang, Yingying Xu( )
Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Abstract

Obesity is a well-known modifiable risk factor for breast cancer and is considered a poor prognostic factor in pre- and post-menopausal women. While the systemic effects of obesity have been extensively studied, less is known about the mechanisms underlying obesity-associated cancer risk and the local consequences of obesity. Thus, obesity-induced inflammation has become the focus of research interest. Biologically, the development of cancer involves a complex interaction with numerous components. As the tumor immune microenvironment changes due to obesity-triggered inflammation, an increase in infiltration occurs for proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines, as well as adipocytes, immune cells, and tumor cells in the expanded adipose tissue. Complicated cellular-molecular crosstalk networks change critical pathways, mediate metabolic and immune function reprogramming, and have a significant role in tumor metastasis, proliferation, resistance, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. This review summarizes recent research findings on how inflammatory mediators in the in situ tumor microenvironment regulate the occurrence and development of breast cancer in the context of obesity. We analyzed the heterogeneity and potential mechanisms of the breast cancer immune microenvironment from the perspective of inflammation to provide a reference for the clinical transformation of precision targeted cancer therapy.

Keywords

Breast cancermetabolismobesitytumor microenvironmentinflammatory mediator

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 20 Issue 4,
April 2023
Pages 268-286
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0547
Cite this article:
Zhang H, Wang M, Xu Y. Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity in remodeling the breast tumor immune microenvironment: from the perspective of inflammation. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2023, 20(4): 268-286. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0547

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Received: 08 September 2022
Accepted: 17 January 2023
Published: 04 May 2023
©2023 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

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