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Review | Open Access

Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon

Xiaoling Li1,2,3 ( ), Jian You4,5, Liping Hong1,2,3, Weijiang Liu1,2,3, Peng Guo1,2,3, Xishan Hao1,2,3,6( )
Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
Department of Thoracic Oncology Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient’s own immune system and eliminate cancer cells. One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens, which are peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations that are found exclusively within cancer cells and absent in normal cells. Although neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have not received approval for standard cancer treatment, early clinical trials have yielded encouraging outcomes as standalone monotherapy or when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Progress made in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have greatly facilitated the precise and efficient identification of neoantigens. Consequently, personalized neoantigen-based vaccines tailored to each patient have been developed that are capable of eliciting a robust and long-lasting immune response which effectively eliminates tumors and prevents recurrences. This review provides a concise overview consolidating the latest clinical advances in neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines, and also discusses challenges and future perspectives for this innovative approach, particularly emphasizing the potential of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines to enhance clinical efficacy against advanced solid tumors.

Keywords

Immunotherapybioinformaticshigh-throughput sequencingAITCRsolid tumorsneoantigen cancer vaccinePDOsHLA

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Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 21 Issue 4,
April 2024
Pages 274-311
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395
Cite this article:
Li X, You J, Hong L, et al. Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2024, 21(4): 274-311. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395

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Received: 27 October 2023
Accepted: 22 November 2023
Published: 29 December 2023
©2024 The Authors.

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