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Multiple lineage-specific epigenetic landscapes at the antigen receptor loci
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Michael L. Atchison1(
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Antigen receptors (AgRs) expressed on B and T cells provide the adaptive immune system with ability to detect numerous foreign antigens. Epigenetic features of B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes were previously studied in lymphocytes, but little is known about their epigenetic features in other cells. Here, we explored histone modifications and transcription markers at the BCR and TCR loci in lymphocytes (pro-B, DP T cells, and mature CD4+ T cells), compared to embryonic stem (ES) cells and neurons. In B cells, the BCR loci exhibited active histone modifications and transcriptional markers indicative of active loci. Similar results were observed at the TCR loci in T cells. All loci were largely inactive in neurons. Surprisingly, in ES cells all AgR loci displayed a high degree of active histone modifications and markers of active transcription. Locations of these active histone modifications in ES cells were largely distinct from those in pro-B cells, and co-localized at numerous binding locations for transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. ES and pro-B cells also showed distinct binding patterns for the ubiquitous transcription factor YY1 and chromatin remodeler Brg1. On the contrary, there were many overlapping CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding patterns when comparing ES cells, pro-B cells, and neurons. Our study identifies epigenetic features in ES cells and lymphocytes that may be related to ES cell pluripotency and lymphocyte tissue-specific activation at the AgR loci.
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Multiple lineage-specific epigenetic landscapes at the antigen receptor loci
), Michael L. Atchison1(
)
Abstract
Antigen receptors (AgRs) expressed on B and T cells provide the adaptive immune system with ability to detect numerous foreign antigens. Epigenetic features of B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes were previously studied in lymphocytes, but little is known about their epigenetic features in other cells. Here, we explored histone modifications and transcription markers at the BCR and TCR loci in lymphocytes (pro-B, DP T cells, and mature CD4+ T cells), compared to embryonic stem (ES) cells and neurons. In B cells, the BCR loci exhibited active histone modifications and transcriptional markers indicative of active loci. Similar results were observed at the TCR loci in T cells. All loci were largely inactive in neurons. Surprisingly, in ES cells all AgR loci displayed a high degree of active histone modifications and markers of active transcription. Locations of these active histone modifications in ES cells were largely distinct from those in pro-B cells, and co-localized at numerous binding locations for transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. ES and pro-B cells also showed distinct binding patterns for the ubiquitous transcription factor YY1 and chromatin remodeler Brg1. On the contrary, there were many overlapping CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding patterns when comparing ES cells, pro-B cells, and neurons. Our study identifies epigenetic features in ES cells and lymphocytes that may be related to ES cell pluripotency and lymphocyte tissue-specific activation at the AgR loci.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NIH R01 Grants AI079002 and AI162879 (to MLA), and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. We thank Kenneth Zaret (University of Pennsylvania) for comments on the manuscript.
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