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Open Access

Security and Privacy in Metaverse: A Comprehensive Survey

Department of Software Engineering and Game Development, Kennesaw State University, Atlanta, CA 30060, USA
Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, CA 30303, USA
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Abstract

Metaverse describes a new shape of cyberspace and has become a hot-trending word since 2021. There are many explanations about what Meterverse is and attempts to provide a formal standard or definition of Metaverse. However, these definitions could hardly reach universal acceptance. Rather than providing a formal definition of the Metaverse, we list four must-have characteristics of the Metaverse: socialization, immersive interaction, real world-building, and expandability. These characteristics not only carve the Metaverse into a novel and fantastic digital world, but also make it suffer from all security/privacy risks, such as personal information leakage, eavesdropping, unauthorized access, phishing, data injection, broken authentication, insecure design, and more. This paper first introduces the four characteristics, then the current progress and typical applications of the Metaverse are surveyed and categorized into four economic sectors. Based on the four characteristics and the findings of the current progress, the security and privacy issues in the Metaverse are investigated. We then identify and discuss more potential critical security and privacy issues that can be caused by combining the four characteristics. Lastly, the paper also raises some other concerns regarding society and humanity.

Keywords

Metaversecybersecurityprivacy protectioncyber infrastructureextended reality

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Big Data Mining and Analytics
Volume 6 Issue 2,
June 2023
Pages 234-247
DOI: 10.26599/BDMA.2022.9020047
Cite this article:
Huang Y, Li Y(, Cai Z. Security and Privacy in Metaverse: A Comprehensive Survey. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 2023, 6(2): 234-247. https://doi.org/10.26599/BDMA.2022.9020047

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Received: 05 October 2022
Revised: 12 November 2022
Accepted: 16 November 2022
Published: 26 January 2023
© The author(s) 2023.

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