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Open Access

SGCL-LncLoc: An Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Improving lncRNA Subcellular Localization Prediction with Supervised Graph Contrastive Learning

School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
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Abstract

Understanding the subcellular localization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is crucial for unraveling their functional mechanisms. While previous computational methods have made progress in predicting lncRNA subcellular localization, most of them ignore the sequence order information by relying on k-mer frequency features to encode lncRNA sequences. In the study, we develope SGCL-LncLoc, a novel interpretable deep learning model based on supervised graph contrastive learning. SGCL-LncLoc transforms lncRNA sequences into de Bruijn graphs and uses the Word2Vec technique to learn the node representation of the graph. Then, SGCL-LncLoc applies graph convolutional networks to learn the comprehensive graph representation. Additionally, we propose a computational method to map the attention weights of the graph nodes to the weights of nucleotides in the lncRNA sequence, allowing SGCL-LncLoc to serve as an interpretable deep learning model. Furthermore, SGCL-LncLoc employs a supervised contrastive learning strategy, which leverages the relationships between different samples and label information, guiding the model to enhance representation learning for lncRNAs. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that SGCL-LncLoc outperforms both deep learning baseline models and existing predictors, showing its capability for accurate lncRNA subcellular localization prediction. Furthermore, we conduct a motif analysis, revealing that SGCL-LncLoc successfully captures known motifs associated with lncRNA subcellular localization. The SGCL-LncLoc web server is available at http://csuligroup.com:8000/SGCL-LncLoc. The source code can be obtained from https://github.com/CSUBioGroup/SGCL-LncLoc.

Keywords

supervised contrastive learninglong non-coding RNA (lncRNA)subcellular localization predictiondeep learningGraph Convolutional Network (GCN)

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Big Data Mining and Analytics
Volume 7 Issue 3,
September 2024
Pages 765-780
DOI: 10.26599/BDMA.2024.9020002
Cite this article:
Li M, Zhao B, Li Y, et al. SGCL-LncLoc: An Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Improving lncRNA Subcellular Localization Prediction with Supervised Graph Contrastive Learning. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 2024, 7(3): 765-780. https://doi.org/10.26599/BDMA.2024.9020002

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Received: 22 November 2023
Revised: 28 December 2023
Accepted: 02 January 2024
Published: 28 August 2024
© The author(s) 2024.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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