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Review Article | Open Access

Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022: BCI Turing Test

College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract

The Turing Test is a method of testing whether a machine has human intelligence. A novel brain–computer interface (BCI) Turing Test was proposed in the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022. Contestants developed algorithms that can distinguish if an instruction is issued by a human. Participants collaborated with an electroencephalogram-based BCI to play a soccer game in a virtual scenario. Participants were asked to perform steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tasks or motor imagery (MI) tasks to control the robots or be in an idle state to mimic the system giving instructions on behalf of the participants. Several algorithms proposed in this competition are developed based on the concept that the idle state is a category in multiclass classification problems. This paper details the algorithms of the top five teams with the best performance in the final, lists the popular classification models and algorithms for MI and SSVEP, and discusses the effectiveness of each approach in improving classification performance and reducing the computation time.

Keywords

brain–computer interfaceselectroencephalogramTuring Testmotor imagerysteady-state visual evoked potential

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Brain Science Advances
Volume 9 Issue 3,
September 2023
Pages 182-194
DOI: 10.26599/BSA.2023.9050012
Cite this article:
Yi H, Liu D, Jin X, et al. Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022: BCI Turing Test. Brain Science Advances, 2023, 9(3): 182-194. https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2023.9050012

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Received: 28 February 2023
Revised: 18 April 2023
Accepted: 04 May 2023
Published: 05 September 2023
© The authors 2023.

This article is published with open access at journals.sagepub.com/home/BSA

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
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