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Research Article | Open Access

Bithiophene-based cost-effective hole transport materials for efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells

Lang Li1,†, Lingfang Zheng1,†, Wei Gao1( ), Jinyan Zeng1, Siwei Hao1, Xinjing Zhao1, Yangyang Dang2, Liqiang Xie1( ), Zhanhua Wei1( )
Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China

† Lang Li and Lingfang Zheng contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Charge transport materials constitute a relatively large portion of the cost in the production of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Therefore, developing cheap and efficient charge transport materials is of great significance for the commercialization of PSCs. In this study, three low-cost hole transport materials (HTMs), specifically 4,4'-(3,3'-bis(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5,5'-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (TP-H), 4,4'-(3,3'-bis(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5,5'-diyl)bis(3-methoxy-N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (TP-OMe), and 4,4'-(3,3'-bis(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5,5'-diyl)bis(3-fluoro-N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (TP-F), were designed and synthesized using a bulky group-substituted 2,2'-bithiophene core and methoxy- or F-functionalized triphenylamine derivatives. Compared to the HTMs without F atoms, TP-F using F substitution exhibited enhanced intermolecular packing, a lower highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, and increased hole mobility and conductivity. The PSC incorporating the doped TP-F as the hole transport layer achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (over 24%) among the three devices. The high performance of TP-F can be attributed to the passivation effect of S and F atoms on uncoordinated Pb2+ within the perovskite (PVSK) film, which significantly reduces the density of defect states and the incidence of trap-mediated recombination in PSCs. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the 3,3'-bis(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene building block for constructing cost-effective HTMs and highlights the impact of F substitution on enhancing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.

Keywords

perovskite solar cellshole transport materiallow costpassivation effect

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Energy Materials and Devices
Volume 2 Issue 2,
June 2024
Article number: 9370036
DOI: 10.26599/EMD.2024.9370036
Cite this article:
Li L, Zheng L, Gao W, et al. Bithiophene-based cost-effective hole transport materials for efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells. Energy Materials and Devices, 2024, 2(2): 9370036. https://doi.org/10.26599/EMD.2024.9370036

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Received: 18 March 2024
Revised: 10 May 2024
Accepted: 14 May 2024
Published: 31 May 2024
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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