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Research Article | Open Access

In situ polymerized quasi-solid polymer electrolytes enabling void-free interfaces for room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries

Jiafang Huang†, Zhengguang Song†, Junxiong Wu( ), Yuhui Miao, Manxian Li, Danjing Lin, Kai Zhu, Xiaochuan Chen, Xiaoyan Li, Yuming Chen( )
Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences and College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China

† Jiafang Huang and Zhengguang Song contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Rechargeable room-temperature (RT) sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries hold great potential for large-scale energy storage owing to their high energy density and low cost. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as polysulfide shuttling and Na dendrite formation. In this study, a dual salt-based quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (DS–QSPE) was developed via in situ polymerization, achieving high ionic conductivity (4.8 × 10−4 S·cm−1 at 25 °C), a high sodium-ion transference number (0.73), and effective polysulfide confinement. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the enhanced Na-ion transport is attributed to the strengthened coordination of anions with the polydioxolane chain and the increased dissociation of sodium salts. Importantly, the DS–QSPE forms an interconnected network structure in the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode. This provides abundant and seamless electrochemical reaction interfaces that facilitate efficient and uniform ion transport pathways. As a result, the Na||SPAN battery with DS–QSPE delivers a high capacity of approximately 327.4 mAh·g−1 (based on the mass of SPAN) after 200 cycles at 0.2 A·g−1, retaining 81.4% of its initial capacity. This performance considerably surpasses that of batteries using liquid electrolytes. This study offers a straightforward approach to addressing the interfacial challenges in solid-state Na–S batteries.

Keywords

sodium–sulfur batteriessulfurized polyacrylonitrilein situ polymerizationquasi-solid polymer electrolyteshuttle effect

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Energy Materials and Devices
Volume 2 Issue 4,
December 2024
Article number: 9370051
DOI: 10.26599/EMD.2024.9370051
Cite this article:
Huang J, Song Z, Wu J, et al. In situ polymerized quasi-solid polymer electrolytes enabling void-free interfaces for room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries. Energy Materials and Devices, 2024, 2(4): 9370051. https://doi.org/10.26599/EMD.2024.9370051

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Received: 30 November 2024
Revised: 09 December 2024
Accepted: 10 December 2024
Published: 31 December 2024
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

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