School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
Institute of Food Microbiology, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
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Highlights
(1) Carvone inhibited the production of virulence factors secreted by S. marcescens.
(2) Carvone enhanced the susceptibility of bacterial/biofilm cells to antibiotics.
(3) Carvone inhibited the expressions of genes involved in virulence, antioxidant enzymes and biofilms.
(4) Carvone enhanced oxidative stress and increased permeability of cell membrane.
Graphical Abstract
Carvone treatment repressed the activities of antioxidant enzymes and resulted in the enhancement of oxidative stress. The enhanced oxidative stress improved the permeability membrane and eventually increased the susceptibility of biofilms to antibiotics.
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a common opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in clinical patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory efficiency of carvone on the production of virulence factors and evaluated the susceptibility of antibiotics against biofilms of S. marcescens in combination with carvone. Carvone treatment notably inhibited the production of lipase, prodigiosin, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and swimming and swarming motilities. Carvone exposure also reduced the formation of biofilms in S. marcescens NJ01. When exposed to antibiotics in combination with carvone, the inhibitory impact was notably improved. In addition, the expressions of genes glp and katG involved in the synthesis of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, respectively, were significantly suppressed after treatment with carvone. The suppression of antioxidant enzymes resulted in the improvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, enhanced the permeability of membrane, and eventually increased the susceptibility of biofilms or planktonic cells to antibiotics. The data mentioned above indicated that carvone is expected to play an important role in the control and treatment of S. marcescns infection.
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