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(1) Walnut staminate flowers are rich in cellulose and protein.
(2) Walnut staminate flowers are rich in minerals and has a potassium content as high as 26.55-37.22 mg/g.
(3) In the secondary metabolites of walnut staminate flowers are rich in flavonoids and polyphenols.
(4) PCA shows that amino acids can distinguish the different varieties of walnut staminate flowers.
In this study, five kinds of walnut staminate flowers, from China were compared in terms of conventional nutrients and secondary metabolites.The walnut staminate flower is a byproduct resource worthy of comprehensive development and can be used as an effective source of protein, cellulose, minerals and natural active ingredients.
Twenty kinds of amino acids could be detected in the walnut staminate flowers. Except the Lvling, all tested varieties contained eight essential amino acids. A small difference in the types of amino acids was present amongst the varieties, and the content had large differences. The contents of Asn, Val, Ccp and Arg were relatively high.
The polyphenols and the flavonoids especially the ellagic acid and the juglone in walnut staminate flowers should be deeply studied. In addition,walnut staminate flowers can be extracted and used in accordance with the varietal differences.
In this study, five kinds of walnut staminate flowers, from China were compared in terms of conventional nutrients and secondary metabolites. The correlation between amino acids and varieties was determined using the principal component analysis (PCA). Results show that the cellulose, protein, ash, fat and VC contents of walnut staminate flowers are 50.94−65.90, 19.28−25.12, 4.83−6.41, 0.95−2.61 and 5.21−21.35 mg/100 g, respectively. Walnut staminate flowers are rich in minerals and has a potassium content as high as 26.55−37.22 mg/g. The contents of flavonoids and polyphenols in the secondary metabolites of walnut staminate flowers are 85.94−117.98 and 25.01−62.31 mg/g, respectively. Amongst specify, the contents of ellagic acid and juglone, which are recognised to have anticancer activity, are (78.20 ± 21.69) and (63.48 ± 16.34) mg/100 g, respectively, and the contents of polysaccharides and saponins are 0.61−1.58 and 6.50−11.85 mg/g, respectively. The PCA shows that amino acids can distinguish the different varieties of walnut staminate flowers.
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