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Review Article | Open Access

Research progress of microrobots in tumor drug delivery

Jin Wang1, Zhi-Xin Liao2()
Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Highlights

(1) The arrival of the intelligent era and the iteration of robotics technology have focused medical means from the macro to the micro and nano scale.

(2) Tumor drug therapy mainly relies on micro-nano robots to realize drug load encapsulation and path editing. It creates a new chemotherapy mode of "identification - penetration - reversal - elimination".

(3) The relevant researches are mostly in the mechanism basis and in vitro or animal test stage, there are still challenges in the clinical transformation and practical application of micro-nanorobots.

Graphical Abstract

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With its cellular/subcellular size, microrobots expand a new vision for exploring drug delivery. It has unique advantages in achieving targeted delivery and precise recruitment of chemotherapy drugs. This paper reviews the relevant research at home and abroad in recent years. It searches the relevant literature in the past 10 years with the keywords "tumor drugs" and "micro-nano robots". The results obtained were described according to "research progress of tumor therapeutic drugs", "nano drug delivery system" and "microrobots drug delivery". Then focused the main discussion on "microrobots and cancer drug delivery". Through this research, its micro-size and multi-source drive provides microrobots technical basis. As the result, they can achieve in-vivo motion efficiency, targeted path planning, biological barrier penetration and efficient drug delivery. It might be beneficial for microrobots to earn better therapeutic of tumor drugs, while decreasing side-effects to other tissues and organs in the future.

Abstract

With its cellular/subcellular size, microrobots expand a new vision for exploring drug delivery. It has unique advantages in achieving targeted delivery and precise recruitment of chemotherapy drugs. This paper reviews the relevant research at home and abroad in recent years. It searches the relevant literature in the past 10 years with the keywords “tumor drugs” and “micro-nano robots”. The results obtained were described according to “research progress of tumor therapeutic drugs”, “nano drug delivery system” and “microrobots drug delivery”. Then focused the main discussion on “microrobots and cancer drug delivery”. Through this research, its micro-size and multi-source drive provides microrobots technical basis. As the result, they can achieve in-vivo motion efficiency, targeted path planning, biological barrier penetration and efficient drug delivery. It might be beneficial for microrobots to earn better therapeutic of tumor drugs, while decreasing side-effects to other tissues and organs in the future.

Keywords

microrobotstumor drug therapydrug delivery

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Food & Medicine Homology
Volume 1 Issue 2,
December 2024
Article number: 9420025
DOI: 10.26599/FMH.2024.9420025
Cite this article:
Wang J, Liao Z-X. Research progress of microrobots in tumor drug delivery. Food & Medicine Homology, 2024, 1(2): 9420025. https://doi.org/10.26599/FMH.2024.9420025
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Comparison of propulsion methods of NDDSs[1]

Drive modeMovement performanceDurationSuitabilityLimitation
Physical driveMagnetic field drive1. Accurate 3D motion1. Good continuity2. Movement continuation under guidance of the external field1. Good biocompatibility1. Low efficiency2. Limited work space3. Magnetic side-effect
Photic drive1. Directional move2. Switch control and movement speed1. Suitable for superficial tissues2. Driving in liquids requires high power1. Limited biological penetration2. Ultraviolet light is harmful3. Limited light focusing size and range of motion
Ultrasonic drive1. Fast response1. Good penetrability2. Strong applicability1. The operation precision is limited
Electric drive1. Convergent movement1. Need to increase the intensity of electric field1. Strong electric field may have an impact on human body2. Low range of motion
Bubble drive1. Depend on the size of bubbles or vibration frequencyNot applicable yet1. Operation precision and efficiency is limited
Chemical drive1. Fast motion1. Poor sustained performance2. The direction and accuracy are uncontrollable1. Partial application2. Enzymatic biocatalytic reaction are safe and biocompatible1. Hydrogen peroxide is harmful2. Athletic performance will be affected with the gradual consumption of chemical fuels
Biological drive1. Depending on the individual organisms movement performance1. Affected by the biological cell activity1. Partial application1. Cells or bacteria requires specific camp liquid and the environment