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Review Article | Open Access

Research progress on the mechanism of functional activity of edible fungi polysaccharides—focusing intestinal mucus as a key and entry point

Yun-Yan Yu†, Ya-Ning Duan†, Sai Ma, Qiu-Hui Hu, Gao-Xing Ma()
Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungus Preservation and Intensive Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Highlights

(1) The direct and indirect mechanism of immune function of edible fungi polysaccharides.

(2) The function of the intestinal mucus barrier in intestinal immunity.

(3) Mucins and edible fungi polysaccharides engage in electrostatic interactions.

(4) Interaction of polysaccharides with mucins is mediated by intestinal microorganisms.

Graphical Abstract

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Edible fungi polysaccharide is a kind of natural active substance, which plays an important role in immune regulation. The research on the mechanism of polysaccharide activity in the early stage mainly focused on the direct action mechanism between polysaccharide and cell, and the indirect action mechanism between polysaccharide and microbe and cell. It mainly focused on the enhancement of immune cells and the regulation of immune active factors, as well as the regulation of intestinal microenvironment homeostasis. Due to the complexity of the intestinal environment, polysaccharides need to interact with the mucous layer of the intestinal tract before entering the intestinal tract to play the function of immune activity. This interaction will change the structure, viscosity and dispersion of polysaccharides, thus affecting the activity of polysaccharides in the body. Therefore, the interaction between polysaccharide and mucus layer is also extremely important. Edible fungi polysaccharides can supplement mucinoglycan to change the glycosylation level of mucin, and also affect the abundance of mucin symbiotic flora, thus changing the secretion of mucin. As prebiotics, the short-chain fatty acids produced by polysaccharides can not only directly act on intestinal epithelial cells, but also maintain energy generation. It can also stimulate goblet cells and maintain mucus barrier homeostasis. The effect of the interaction between polysaccharide and intestinal mucus on intestinal immune activity can be a new direction to study the mechanism of polysaccharide activity.

Abstract

Edible fungi polysaccharide is a naturally active substance with a complex structure, which has immunomodulatory activity, can regulate intestinal flora, and reduces the body’s inflammatory response. Currently, studies on the immune activity of polysaccharides from edible fungi mainly focus on intestinal immunity. Based on the current research direction on the immune activity mechanism of polysaccharides, this paper summarized the direct effects of polysaccharides on intestinal immune cells and the indirect regulatory effects mediated by intestinal flora. At the same time, we found that the active function of polysaccharides needs to pass through the intestinal mucus layer first. The intestinal mucus layer is rich in mucins and special microorganisms with mucins as the carbon source, which act as the first line of defense of the intestinal barrier. The interaction between polysaccharides and intestinal mucins will affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier. And the interaction between polysaccharides and intestinal mucin, to provide a new strategy for the study of the activity mechanism of edible fungi polysaccharides.

Keywords

edible fungi polysaccharidesintestinal immunitymucinintestinal flora

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Food & Medicine Homology
Volume 2 Issue 1,
March 2025
Article number: 9420042
DOI: 10.26599/FMH.2025.9420042
Cite this article:
Yu Y-Y, Duan Y-N, Ma S, et al. Research progress on the mechanism of functional activity of edible fungi polysaccharides—focusing intestinal mucus as a key and entry point. Food & Medicine Homology, 2025, 2(1): 9420042. https://doi.org/10.26599/FMH.2025.9420042
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