The effect of lateral size of few-layer graphene oxide sheets as aqueous lubricant additives
), Graphical Abstract
Abstract
In this work, few-layer graphene oxide (GO) sheets are investigated as aqueous lubricant additives between ceramic surfaces. Three batches of GO sheets with various lateral sizes were selected, and the lateral sizes were mainly within the ranges of 0.5±0.2, 5.9±2.1, and 59.1±17.1 μm. The weight concentration of the GO sheets in the aqueous lubricant ranged from 0.0005 to 0.8 wt%. The lubrication regime for the friction tests was kept at boundary lubrication. The GO sheets can enhance lubricity by entering the contact area and preventing the sliding surfaces from contacting each other directly, and lubricity is determined by the coverage of the contact area. For each batch of GO sheets, as the concentration increases, the coverage rate of the contact area increases; thus, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear volume decrease. However, when the GO sheet concentration is very high, the COF approaches a stable value since the contact area is already fully covered by GO sheets, but the wear volume increases slightly due to the high acidity. Moreover, GO sheets with larger lateral sizes can lead to a smoother contact interface. Therefore, at the same concentration, GO sheets with larger lateral sizes can lead to lower COFs and wear volumes. These findings provide a general strategy for improving the performance of lubricants with two-dimensional (2D) material additives in a broad range of mechanical applications.
References
Holmberg K, Erdemir A. Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions. Friction 5(3): 263–284 (2017)
Barthel A J, Luo J W, Kim S H. Origin of ultra-low friction of boric acid: Role of vapor adsorption. Tribol Lett 58(3): 40 (2015)
Huai W J, Zhang C H, Wen S Z. Graphite-based solid lubricant for high-temperature lubrication. Friction 9(6): 1660–1672 (2021)
Li J J, Ge X Y, Luo J B. Random occurrence of macroscale superlubricity of graphite enabled by tribo-transfer of multilayer graphene nanoflakes. Carbon 138: 154–160 (2018)
Liu Y Q, Jiang Y L, Sun J H, Wang Y, Qian L M, Kim S H, Chen L. Inverse relationship between thickness and wear of fluorinated graphene: “thinner is better”. Nano Lett 22(14): 6018–6025 (2022)
Tang C, Jiang Y L, Chen L, Sun J H, Liu Y Q, Shi P F, Aguilar-Hurtado J Y, Rosenkranz A, Qian L M. Layer-dependent nanowear of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 17(3): 2497–2505 (2023)
Macknojia A, Ayyagari A, Zambrano D, Rosenkranz A, Shevchenko E V, Berman D. Macroscale superlubricity induced by MXene/MoS2 nanocomposites on rough steel surfaces under high contact stresses. ACS Nano 17(3): 2421–2430 (2023)
Li X B, Gao Y M, Xing J D, Wang Y, Fang L. Wear reduction mechanism of graphite and MoS2 in epoxy composites. Wear 257(3–4): 279–283 (2004)
Huang H D, Tu J P, Gan L P, Li C Z. An investigation on tribological properties of graphite nanosheets as oil additive. Wear 261(2): 140–144 (2006)
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306(5696): 666–669 (2004)
Khajeh A, Chen Z, Kim S H, Martini A. Effect of ambient chemistry on friction at the basal plane of graphite. ACS Appl Mater Inter 11(43): 40800–40807 (2019)
Chen Z, Kim S H. Environmental effects on nanoscale friction at graphite basal plane and step edge. Appl Surf Sci 623: 157101 (2023)
Chen Z, Kim S H. Tuning super-lubricity via molecular adsorption. Appl Mater Today 29: 101615 (2022)
Chen Z, Khajeh A, Martini A, Kim S H. Chemical and physical origins of friction on surfaces with atomic steps. Sci Adv 5(8): eaaw0513 (2019)
Chen L, Chen Z, Tang X Y, Yan W M, Zhou Z R, Qian L M, Kim S H. Friction at single-layer graphene step edges due to chemical and topographic interactions. Carbon 154: 67–73 (2019)
Qi Y Z, Liu J, Dong Y L, Feng X Q, Li Q Y. Impacts of environments on nanoscale wear behavior of graphene: edge passivation vs. substrate pinning. Carbon 139: 59–66 (2018)
Lang H J, Peng Y T, Zeng X Z, Cao X A, Liu L, Zou K. Effect of relative humidity on the frictional properties of graphene at atomic-scale steps. Carbon 137: 519–526 (2018)
Chen Z, Khajeh A, Martini A, Kim S H. Identifying physical and chemical contributions to friction: A comparative study of chemically inert and active graphene step edges. ACS Appl Mater Inter 12(26): 30007–30015 (2020)
Berman D, Erdemir A, Sumant A V. Reduced wear and friction enabled by graphene layers on sliding steel surfaces in dry nitrogen. Carbon 59: 167–175 (2013)
Berman D, Erdemir A, Sumant A V. Few layer graphene to reduce wear and friction on sliding steel surfaces. Carbon 54: 454–459 (2013)
Kim K S, Lee H J, Lee C G, Lee S K, Jang H, Ahn J H, Kim J H, Lee H J. Chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene: The thinnest solid lubricant. ACS Nano 5(6): 5107–5114 (2011)
Zhang W, Zhou M, Zhu H W, Tian Y, Wang K L, Wei J Q, Ji F, Li X, Li Z, Zhang P, et al. Tribological properties of oleic acid-modified graphene as lubricant oil additives. J Phys D Appl Phys 44(20): 205303 (2011)
Eswaraiah V, Sankaranarayanan V, Ramaprabhu S. Graphene-based engine oil nanofluids for tribological applications. ACS Appl Mater Inter 3(11): 4221–4227 (2011)
Chen Z, Liu Y H, Luo J B. Tribological properties of few-layer graphene oxide sheets as oil-based lubricant additives. Chin J Mech Eng 29(2): 439–444 (2016)
Rosenkranz A, Liu Y Q, Yang L, Chen L. 2D nano-materials beyond graphene: From synthesis to tribological studies. Appl Nanosci 10(9): 3353–3388 (2020)
Song H J, Li N. Frictional behavior of oxide graphene nanosheets as water-base lubricant additive. Appl Phys A 105(4): 827–832 (2011)
Elomaa O, Singh V K, Iyer A, Hakala T J, Koskinen J. Graphene oxide in water lubrication on diamond-like carbon vs. stainless steel high-load contacts. Diam Relat Mater 52: 43–48 (2015)
Liu Y H, Wang X K, Pan G S, Luo J B. A comparative study between graphene oxide and diamond nanoparticles as water-based lubricating additives. Sci China Technol Sci 56(1): 152–157 (2013)
Kinoshita H, Nishina Y, Alias A A, Fujii M. Tribological properties of monolayer graphene oxide sheets as water-based lubricant additives. Carbon 66: 720–723 (2014)
Chouhan A, Kumari S, Sarkar T K, Rawat S S, Khatri O P. Graphene-based aqueous lubricants: Dispersion stability to the enhancement of tribological properties. ACS Appl Mater Inter 12(46): 51785–51796 (2020)
Su F H, Chen G F, Huang P. Lubricating performances of graphene oxide and onion-like carbon as water-based lubricant additives for smooth and sand-blasted steel discs. Friction 8(1): 47–57 (2020)
Gan C L, Liang T, Li X P, Li W, Li H, Fan X Q, Zhu M H. Ultra-dispersive monolayer graphene oxide as water-based lubricant additive: Preparation, characterization and lubricating mechanisms. Tribol Int 155: 106768 (2021)
Meng W X, Sun J L, Wang C L, Wu P. pH-dependent lubrication mechanism of graphene oxide aqueous lubricants on the strip surface during cold rolling. Surf Interface Anal 53(4): 406–417 (2021)
Chen Z, Liu X W, Liu Y H, Gunsel S, Luo J B. Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with superior extreme pressure property as boundary lubricants. Sci Rep 5(1): 12869 (2015)
Wu S C, Meng Z S, Tao X M, Wang Z. Superlubricity of molybdenum disulfide subjected to large compressive strains. Friction 10(2): 209–216 (2022)
Xue S Q, Li H L, Guo Y M, Zhang B H, Li J S, Zeng X Q. Water lubrication of graphene oxide-based materials. Friction 10(7): 977–1004 (2022)
Hummers W S Jr, Offeman R E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80(6): 1339–1339 (1958)
Marcano D, Kosynkin D, Berlin J, Sinitskii A, Sun Z Z, Slesarev A S, Alemany L, Lu W, Tour J. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 4(8): 4806–4814 (2010)
Hibi Y, Enomoto Y. Lubrication of Si3N4 and Al2O3 in water with and without addition of silane coupling agents in the range of 0.05–0.10 mol/L. Tribol Int 28(2): 97–105 (1995)
Amutha Rani D, Yoshizawa Y, Hyuga H, Hirao K, Yamauchi Y. Tribological behavior of ceramic materials (Si3N4, SiC and Al2O3) in aqueous medium. J Eur Ceram Soc 24(10): 3279–3284 (2004)
Novak S, Kalin M. The effect of pH on the wear of water-lubricated alumina and zirconia ceramics. Tribol Lett 17(4): 727–732 (2004)
Kalin M, Dražič G, Novak S, Vižintin J. Wear mechanisms associated with the lubrication of zirconia ceramics in various aqueous solutions. J Eur Ceram Soc 26(3): 223–232 (2006)
Luan Z Q, Xia Y, Zhang R C, Feng B H, Liu W S, Yao W Q, Hu X D, Xu X F. Study on pH-dependence of electroosmosis effect and tribological behavior of water-based lubricants at friction interfaces. Tribol Int 191: 109151 (2024)
Fischer T E, Mullins W M. Chemical aspects of ceramic tribology. J Phys Chem 96: 5690–5701 (1992)
He H Y, Riedl T, Lerf A, Klinowski J. Solid-state NMR studies of the structure of graphite oxide. J Phys Chem 100(51): 19954–19958 (1996)
Lerf A, He H Y, Forster M, Klinowski J. Structure of Graphite Oxide Revisited. J Phys Chem B 102(23): 4477–4482 (1998)
He H Y, Klinowski J, Forster M, Lerf A. A new structural model for graphite oxide. Chem Phys Lett 287(1-2): 53–56 (1998)
Dimiev A M, Alemany L B, Tour J M. Graphene oxide. origin of acidity, its instability in water, and a new dynamic structural model. ACS Nano 7(1): 576–588 (2013)
Dimiev A M, Kosynkin D V, Alemany L B, Chaguine P, Tour J M. Pristine graphite oxide. J Am Chem Soc 134(5): 2815–2822 (2012)
Lu Y S, Huang L J, Guo Y N, Yang X N. Theoretical insights into origin of graphene oxide acidity and relating behavior of oxygen-containing groups in water. Carbon 183: 355–361 (2021)
Zhang J F, Xiong C, Li Y, Tang H, Meng X G, Zhu W H. The critical contribution of oxidation debris on the acidic properties of graphene oxide in an aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 402: 123552 (2021)
Kalin M, Novak S, Vižintin J. Wear and friction behavior of alumina ceramics in aqueous solutions with different pH. Wear 254(11): 1141–1146 (2003)
Kalin M, Novak S, Vižintin J. Surface charge as a new concept for boundary lubrication of ceramics with water. J Phys D: Appl Phys 39: 3138–3149 (2006)
Novak S, Kalin M, Kosmač T. Chemical aspects of wear of alumina ceramics. Wear 250(1): 318–321 (2001)
Sasaki S, Pethic J B. Effects of surrounding atmosphere on micro-hardness and tribological properties of sintered alumina. Wear 241(2): 204–208 (2000)
Li S W, Bai P P, Li Y Z, Jia W P, Li X X, Meng Y G, Ma L R, Tian Y. Extreme-pressure superlubricity of polymer solution enhanced with hydrated salt ions. Langmuir 36(24): 6765–6774 (2020)
Guo Y M, Li J S, Zhou X J, Tang Y Z, Zeng X Q. Formulation of lyotropic liquid crystal emulsion based on natural sucrose ester and its tribological behavior as novel lubricant. Friction 10(11): 1879–1892 (2022)
Xi Y W, Choi C-H, Chang R, Kaper H J, Sharma P K. Tribology of pore-textured hard surfaces under physiological conditions: Effects of texture scales. Langmuir 39(19): 6657–6665 (2023)
Konkena B, Vasudevan S. Understanding aqueous dispersibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide through pKa measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 3(7): 867–872 (2012)
Ruan J A, Bhushan B. Frictional behavior of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. J Appl Phys 76(12): 8117–8120 (1994)
Meyer E, Lüthi R, Howald L, Bammerlin M, Guggisberg M, Güntherodt H J. Site-specific friction force spectroscopy. J Vac Sci Technol B 14(2): 1285–1288 (1996)
Hölscher H, Ebeling D, Schwarz U D. Friction at atomic-scale surface steps: Experiment and theory. Phys Rev Lett 101(24): 246105 (2008)
京公网安备11010802044758号