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Review Article | Open Access

Weizmannia coagulans: an ideal probiotic for gut health

Shiqi Zhanga,b, Pinglan Lia,c, Suwon Leeb, Yu Wanga, Chunming Tana,c, Nan Shangc,d()
Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 101312, China
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

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Abstract

Weizmannia coagulans (formerly Bacillus coagulans) is a spore-forming and lactic acid-producing bacterium. It has recently attracted much attention from researchers and food manufacturers due to its probiotic functions and stability in processing and storage. W. coagulans is capable of improving gut health through the regulation of gut microbiota, modulation of immunity, and improving digestibility and metabolism. Spores, germinated cells and metabolites of W. coagulans modulate the gut micro-environment and further affect other organs. W. coagulans is an environment-friendly probiotic since it can contribute to the host by reconstructing the balance of gut microbiota and only temporarily resides in the intestine after administration. W. coagulans has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thus it is an ideal probiotic for improving gut health. The merit of its stability in processing and storage provides W. coagulans spores many possibilities for its use in various types of functional foods. This review presents an overview of the characteristics of W. coagulans that make it an ideal probiotic candidate and highlights the proposed health benefits with scientific evidence conferred by the administration of W. coagulans.

Keywords

Weizmannia coagulansSpore formerProbioticsMicrobiotaGut disorders

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 13 Issue 1,
January 2024
Pages 16-26
DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250002
Cite this article:
Zhang S, Li P, Lee S, et al. Weizmannia coagulans: an ideal probiotic for gut health. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(1): 16-26. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250002
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Antimicrobial compounds produced by W. coagulans.

Strain Isolation source Type Molecular weight (kDa) Reference
I4 Cattle faeces Bacteriocin 3-4 [55]
BDU3 Fermented fish Bacteriocin 1.4 [29]
L1208 Yellow croaker Bacteriocin 2.3 [56]
- Industrial wastewater Bacteriocin 7.5 [59]
ATCC 7050 Evaporated milk Protein 37 [58]
27 Soil Surfactin 1 [57]

Clinical trials of probiotic W. coagulans strains representing health benefits.

Condition Strain Dosage Outcomes Reference
Constipation SNZ 1969 1×109 CFU once daily for 8 weeks Improved intestinal motility by enhancing Lactobacillales and diminishing Synergistales. [96]
Unique IS-2 2×109 CFU once daily for 4 weeks Reduced the symptoms of constipation (sensation of incomplete evacuation, painful defecation and abdominal pain). [111]
lilac-01 1×108 CFU once daily for 2 weeks Reduced the symptoms of constipation (fecal size, sensation of incomplete evacuation, and defecation frequency). [97]
Diarrhea LBSC 2×109 CFU thrice daily not exceeding 7 days Improved the pathophysiological conditions related to acute diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. [98]
Unique IS-2 2×109 CFU twice daily Decreased diarrhea duration, defecation frequency, and abdominal pain and improved stool consistency. [112]
- 1×108 CFU once daily for one year Prevented the incidence and decreased the duration of acute rotavirus diarrhea in infants. [113]
IBS LBSC 2×109 CFU thrice daily for 80 days Alleviated overall symptoms of IBS (bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, stomach rumbling, nausea, vomiting, headache, and anxiety). [11]
Unique IS-2 2×109 CFU once daily for 8 weeks Alleviated overall symptoms of IBS in children (4-12 years old). [99]
MTCC 5856 2×109 CFU once daily for 90 days Reduced IBS symptoms in diarrhea-predominant patients and thereby improved inclusive quality of life. [100]
GBI-30,6086 8×108 CFU once daily for 8 weeks Relieved abdominal pain and bloating symptoms. [101]
GBI-30,6086 1×109 CFU with insulin once daily for 8 weeks Improved IBS symptoms (abdominal pain intensity and frequency, abdominal distension, satisfaction with bowel habits, quality of life, and defecation consistency). [102]
GBI-30,6086 2×109 CFU once daily for 8 weeks Reduced daily bowel movements. [103]
T2D GBI-30,6086 1×1011 CFU with L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus and fructooligosaccharide once daily for 12 weeks Improved metabolic factors including fasting blood glucose, insulin, and hs-CRP. [4]
NAFLD GBI-30,6086 1×109 CFU with insulin, once daily for 8 weeks Ameliorated hepatic features of NAFLD without affecting its related cardiovascular risk factors. [104]
RA GBI-30,6086 2×109 CFU once daily for 60 days Relieved RA symptoms and reduced the level of C-reactive protein. [105]
Digestion Unique IS-2 2×109 CFU with whey protein, once daily for 60 days Increased absorption of branched chain amino acids and improved muscle power in the lower body. [106]
GBI-30,6086 1×109 CFU with milk protein concentrate, once daily for 13 days Improved protein digestion and amino acid appearance. [107]
GBI-30,6086 5×108 CFU with α amylase, pepsin, and lipase twice daily for 5 days Improved indigestion in geriatric population. [108]
Boosting immunity GBI-30,6086 1×109 CFU once daily for 3 months Decreased the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections symptoms in children (6-8 years old) [109]
GBI-30,6086 2×109 CFU once daily for 30 days Increased T-cell production of TNF-α in response to adenovirus exposure and influenza A exposure. [110]

Examples of commercialized W. coagulans strains in global food market.

Strain Trade name Country Reference
GBI-30,6086 GanedenBC30 United States [117]
SANK 70258 Lacris-S Japan [51]
lilac-01 Lilac LAB Japan [97]
IDCC 1201 ILDONG South Korea [34]
BC01 Thankcome China [30]
BC513 Lactoflorene Italy [118]
Unique IS-2 UBLAC India [119]
MTCC 5856 LactoSpore India [120]