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Review Article | Open Access

Food nutrition and toxicology targeting on specific organs in the era ofsingle-cell sequencing

Xiaofei Wang, Xiaowen Cheng, Huiling Liu, Xiaohuan Mu, Hao Zheng()
National Engineering Technology Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Open Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

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Abstract

Due to the complex natures of dietary food components, it is difficult to elucidate how the compounds affect host health. Dietary food often selectively presents its mechanism of action on different cell types, and participates in the modulation of targeted cells and their microenvironments within organs. However, the limitations of traditional in vitro assays or in vivo animal experiments cannot comprehensively examine cellular heterogeneity and the tissue-biased influences. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as an indispensable methodology to decompose tissues into different cell types for the demonstration of transcriptional profiles of individual cells. ScRNA-seq applications has been summarized on three typical organs (brain, liver, kidney), and two representative immune-and tumor related health problems. The everincreasing role of scRNA-seq in dietary food research with further improvement can provide sub-cellular information and the coupling between other cellular modalities. In this review, we propose utilizing scRNAseq to more effectively capture the subtle and complex effects of food chemicals, and how they may lead to health problems at single-cell resolution. This novel technique will be valuable to elucidate the underlying mechanism of both the health benefits of food nutrients and the detrimental consequences food toxicants at the cellular level.

Keywords

Dietary foodCellular heterogeneitySingle-cell RNA sequencingFood nutrientsFood toxicants

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 13 Issue 1,
January 2024
Pages 75-89
DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250006
Cite this article:
Wang X, Cheng X, Liu H, et al. Food nutrition and toxicology targeting on specific organs in the era ofsingle-cell sequencing. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(1): 75-89. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250006
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