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Research Article | Open Access

Association between lifestyle factors and thyroid function in young euthyroid adults

Elisa Merchan-Ramireza,( ), Guillermo Sanchez-Delgadoa,b, Lucas Jurado-Fasolia,c, Francisco M Acostaa,d,e, Manuel Muñoz-Torresc,f,g,h, Jose M. Llamas-Elviraf,i, Jonatan R Ruiza( )
Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge 70808, USA
Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20500, Finland
Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (Ibs. Granada), Granada 18012, Spain
CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada 18016, Spain
Nuclear Medicine Service, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada 18014, Spain

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

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Abstract

Purpose

The present work examines the associations of dietary habits, sedentarism, physical activity (PA) levels and sleep habits, with thyroid function in young euthyroid adults.

Methods

A total of 105 young euthyroid adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Thyroid function was determined in fasting conditions (> 6 h). Dietary habits were measured by a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls, and different dietary intake and patterns were then estimated. The time spent in sedentary, PA levels and sleep habits were objectively measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer.

Results

Energy and carbohydrate intake were positively associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = 0.222; R2 = 0.102; P = 0.022 and β = 0.425; R2 = 0.129; P = 0.007, respectively) whereas fat intake was negatively associated with TSH (β = −0.428; R2 = 0.137; P = 0.004). Energy intake was also positively associated with free triiodothyronine (β = 0.277; R2 = 0.137; P = 0.004). Further, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was negatively related to TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) (β = −0.221; R2 = 0.113; P = 0.020 and β = −0.268; R2 = 0.071; P = 0.007, respectively). Vigorous-intensity and overall PA were negatively associated with FT4 (β = −0.227; R2 = 0.052; P = 0.022 and β = −0.204; R2 = 0.042; P = 0.041, respectively). In contrast, no associations were found between sleep parameters and thyroid function.

Conclusions

Lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and PA levels seems to be related to thyroid function even in young euthyroid adults.

Keywords

SleepThyroid hormonesDietary intakePhysical activityEuthyroid

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 13 Issue 1,
January 2024
Pages 265-275
DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250022
Cite this article:
Merchan-Ramirez E, Sanchez-Delgado G, Jurado-Fasoli L, et al. Association between lifestyle factors and thyroid function in young euthyroid adults. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(1): 265-275. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250022

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Received: 21 February 2022
Revised: 10 March 2022
Accepted: 10 May 2022
Published: 01 June 2023
© 2024 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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