Comparative study of the effects of Tartary buckwheat seed and sprout consumption on the physiological indices and gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice

Guohui Nan; Haixia Zhao; Qiong Wu; Lisong Liu; Zichao Guan; Chenglei Li; Huala Wu; Dabing Xiang; Qi Wu

doi:10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250067

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Open Access

Comparative study of the effects of Tartary buckwheat seed and sprout consumption on the physiological indices and gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice

Guohui Nan^{^a^,^b^,¹}, Haixia Zhao^{^a^,¹}, Qiong Wu^{^a}, Lisong Liu^{^a}, Zichao Guan^{^a}, Chenglei Li^{^a}, Huala Wu^{^a}, Dabing Xiang^{^c}, Qi Wu^{^a}()

College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China

Faculty of Quality Management and Inspection & Quarantine, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China

College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China

¹ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

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Highlight

• We compared the effects of TB and TBS on the physiological indices of mice.

• TBS contain more bioactive ingredients, less anti-nutritional factors than TB.

• Long-term consumption of TB tends to induce side effects, related to ANFs.

• TB and TBS have different effects on the distribution of gut microbiota.

• Long-term consumption of TBS is safer and effective than TB.

Abstract

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a well-known pseudocereal for its health and economic value.However, abundant antinutritional factors (ANFs) reduces its health benefits.As reported, germination can improve the nutritional prof ile of grains.In this study, we systematically evaluate the safety of Tartary buckwheat seeds (TB) and Tartary buckwheat sprouts (TBS) used as high active ingredients.After evaluating nutrition levels, bioactive compounds and ANFs in TBS during germinating, 5^th-day TBS were selected as the raw material.C57BL/6J mice were gavaged daily with distilled water, TB, or TBS for 6 weeks.The physiological indices related to ANFs were determined.Results showed that the TB intake tends to generate negative effects on the gut microbiota, and organs.Additionally, upon TB intake, the Fe³⁺ content in serum, trypsin activity in pancreas and jejunum decreased, while the cytokine, IgE, and histamine levels in serum, water content in faeces, cytokine levels in liver and jejunum increased.Conversely, TBS did not induce any obvious negative effects on the above relevant indices and showed better lipid-lowering effect.Altogether, TBS are safer and more effective as a raw material to produce the functional food for long-term consumption with the intention of preventing and treating hyperlipidaemia.

Keywords

Tartary buckwheat Tartary buckwheat sprouts Antinutritional factors Gut microbiota Health effect

References

[1]

M. Arasu, S. Kim, N. Al-Dhabi, et al., Comparison of flavonoid contents between common and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum) sprouts cultured with/without soil, Asian J. Chem. 26(18) (2014) 5985-5990. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16355.

Group	CON	TB	TBS
Note: ^*Values are means ± SD of triplicate measurements. Different lowercase letters following the numbers in the same column indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).
Food intake (g)	4.49 ± 0.17^a	4.56 ± 0.08^a	4.38 ± 0.09^a
Water intake (g)	5.71 ± 0.44^a	5.06 ± 0.17^a	5.14 ± 0.27^a
Increase of body weight (g)	5.32 ± 1.25^a	4.94 ± 0.63^a	3.44 ± 1.04^b
Liver index	3.7 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^a	4.5 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^b	4.6 × 10^-2 ± 0.001^b
Pancreas index	0.5 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^a	0.6 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^b	0.5 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^a
Bowel index	6.9 × 10^-2 ± 0.001^a	8.8 × 10^-2 ± 0.001^b	9.4 × 10^-2 ± 0.002^c
Spleen index	2.9 × 10^-3 ± 0.000^a	3.0 × 10^-3 ± 0.000^b	2.8 × 10^-3 ± 0.000^a
Kidney index	1.1 × 10^-2 ± 0.001^a	1.3 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^b	1.2 × 10^-2 ± 0.000^ab
Serum indices
TC content (mmol/L)	3.92 ± 0.22^a	4.04 ± 0.48^a	3.41 ± 0.33^b
TG content (mmol/L)	2.02 ± 0.47^ab	2.26 ± 0.17^a	1.90 ± 0.21^b
HDL-C content (mmol/L)	1.26 ± 0.21^ab	1.21 ± 0.12^a	1.43 ± 0.09^b
LDL-C content (mmol/L)	1.37 ± 0.34^a	1.33 ± 0.21^a	1.01 ± 0.19^b
Serum IL-6 (ng/mL)	181.91 ± 18.34^a	233.60 ± 11.75^b	181.63 ± 19.35^a
Serum IL-10 (ng/mL)	1131.11 ± 108.31^a	1534.29 ± 39.70^b	1303.33 ± 138.87^c
Serum His (ng/mL)	44.20 ± 4.41^a	44.12 ± 2.26^a	36.15 ± 1.99^b
Serum IgE (ng/mL)	343.75 ± 26.38^a	372.63 ± 37.23^b	329.78 ± 18.66^a
K⁺ content (mmol/L)	5.09 ± 0.11^a	4.26 ± 0.24^b	4.64 ± 0.29^ab
Ca²⁺ content (mmol/L)	1.15 ± 0.03^a	1.07 ± 0.04^b	1.10 ± 0.02^ab
Mg²⁺ content (mmol/L)	0.67 ± 0.05^a	0.62 ± 0.03^a	0.61 ± 0.04^a
Fe³⁺ content (mmol/L)	10.99 ± 0.87^a	8.48 ± 1.24^b	11.04 ± 0.79^a