AI Chat Paper
Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
• Diacylglycerol emulsion showed high lipolysis level at indigestion conditions.
• DAG might be a good potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients.
• DAG exhibited good capacity in providing unsaturated fatty acids for indigestion ones.
• High level of UU in linseed oil-based DAG further improve the digestibility of DAG.
The in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of general population and lipid indigestion patients (with lower levels of bile salts or pancreatic lipase) were selected to investigate whether diacylglycerols (DAGs) are potential good lipid sources for these patients. Linseed oil-based DAG (LD) and linseed oil (LT) were selected. LD-based emulsion ((83.74 ± 1.23)%) had higher lipolysis degree than LT-based emulsion ((74.47 ± 1.16)%) when monitoring the GI tract of normal population as previously reported. Indigestion conditions seriously decreased the digestive degree of LT-based emulsion ((40.23 ± 2.48)%–(66.50 ± 3.70)%) while showed less influence on LD-based emulsion ((64.18 ± 2.41)%–(81.85 ± 3.45)%). As opposed to LT-based emulsion, LD-based emulsion exhibited preference for releasing unsaturated fatty acids (especially oleic acid and α-linolenic acid) due to their different glycerolipid compositions. LD-based emulsion showed potential for providing lipids and nutrients (including essential fatty acids) for lipid indigestion patients.
Z. Ye, C. Cao, Y.F. Liu, et al., Digestion fates of different edible oils vary with their composition specificities and interactions with bile salts, Food Res. Int. 111 (2018) 281-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.040.
D. Martin, M.I. Moran-Valero, L. Vázquez, et al., Comparative in vitro intestinal digestion of 1,3-diglyceride and 1-monoglyceride rich oils and their mixtures, Food Res. Int. 64 (2014) 603-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.026.
A. Macierzanka, A. Torcello-Gómez, C. Jungnickel, et al., Bile salts in digestion and transport of lipids, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 274 (2019) 102045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.102045.
K. Takitani, K. Kishi, H. Miyazaki, et al., Altered expression of retinol metabolism-related genes in an anit-induced cholestasis rat model, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19 (2018) 3337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113337.
J. Phillips, P. Angulo, T. Petterson, et al., Fat-soluble vitamin levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96 (2001) 2745-2750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04134.x.
K. Satrom, G. Gourley, Cholestasis in preterm infants, Clin. Perinatol. 43 (2016) 355-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2016.01.012.
M. Mohan, S.S. Prabhu, A.K. Pullattayil, et al., A meta-analysis of the prevalence of gestational diabetes in patients diagnosed with obstetrical cholestasis, AJOG Global Rep. 1 (2021) 100013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2021.100013.
G. Zsóri, D. Illés, V. Terzin, et al, Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: do we need to treat it? a systematic review, Pancreatology 18 (2018) 559-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2018.05.006.
Q. Wei, L. Qi, H. Lin, et al., Pathological mechanisms in diabetes of the exocrine pancreas: what’s known and what’s to know, Front. Physiol. 11 (2020) 570276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.570276.
J.G. Lieb Ⅱ, D. Patel, N. Karnik, Study of the gastrointestinal bioavailability of a pancreatic extract product (Zenpep) in chronic pancreatitis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, Pancreatology 20 (2020) 1092-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2020.07.007.
B.W. Wang, M.G. Zhang, W.H. Ge, et al., Microencapsulated duck oil diacylglycerol: Preparation and application as anti-obesity agent, LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 101 (2019) 646-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.061.
K. Yasunaga, S. Saito, Y.L. Zhang, et al., Effects of triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol oils on blood clearance, tissue uptake, and hepatic apolipoprotein B secretion in mice, J. Lipid Res. 48 (2007) 1108-1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M600524-JLR200.
X.Q. Diao, H.N. Guan, B.H. Kong, In vitro digestion of emulsified lard-based diacylglycerols, J. Sci. Food Agric. 101 (2021) 3386-3393. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10968.
T.M. Giang, S. Gaucel, P. Brestaz, et al., Dynamic modeling of in vitro lipid digestion: individual fatty acid release and bioaccessibility kinetics, Food Chem. 194 (2016) 1180-1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.125.
A. Brodkorb, L. Egger, M. Alminger, et al., INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion, Nat. Protoc. 14 (2019) 991-1014. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-018-0119-1.
D.M. Li, W.F. Wang, R. Durrani, et al., Simplified enzymatic upgrading of high-acid rice bran oil using ethanol as a novel acyl acceptor, J. Agric. Food Chem. 64 (2016) 6730-6737. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
Q.Q. Xu, D.M. Lan, X. Liu, et al., Enzymatic deacidification of alpha-linolenic acid-enriched oils with negligible change in triacylglycerol composition, Process Biochem. 111 (2021) 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2021.09.014.
Z.M. Tian, Y.Y. Cui, H.J. Lu, et al., Effect of long-term dietary probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 1 or antibiotics on meat quality, muscular amino acids and fatty acids in pigs, Meat Sci. 171 (2021) 108234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108234.
X. Liu, L. Xu, R.M. Luo, et al., Thermal properties, oxidative stability, and frying applicability of highly pure soybean-based diacylglycerol oil, J. Food Process. Pres. 46 (2022) e16528. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16528.
W.F. Wang, T. Li, Z.X. Ning, et al., Production of extremely pure diacylglycerol from soybean oil by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 49 (2011) 192-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.001.
Q.X. Ren, Y.F. Ma, R.C. Wang, et al., Triacylglycerol composition of butterfat fractions determines its gastrointestinal fate and postprandial effects: lipidomic analysis of tri-, di-, and mono-acylglycerols and free fatty acid, J. Agric. Food Chem. 69 (2021) 11033-11042. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03291.
S. Lamothe, V. Desroches, M. Britten, Effect of milk proteins and food-grade surfactants on oxidation of linseed oil-in-water emulsions during in vitro digestion, Food Chem. 294 (2019) 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.107.
S. Lamothe, É. Jolibois, M. Britten, Effect of emulsifiers on linseed oil emulsion structure, lipolysis and oxidation during in vitro digestion, Food Funct. 11 (2020) 10126-10136. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02072a.
Y. Li, M. Hu, D.J. McClements, Factors affecting lipase digestibility of emulsified lipids using an in vitro digestion model: proposal for a standardised pH-stat method, Food Chem. 126 (2011) 498-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.027.
A.Q. Ye, J. Cui, X.Q. Zhu, et al., Effect of calcium on the kinetics of free fatty acid release during in vitro lipid digestion in model emulsions, Food Chem. 139 (2013) 681-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.014.
H. Kondo, T. Hase, T. Murase, et al., Digestion and assimilation features of dietary DAG in the rat small intestine, Lipids 38 (2003) 25-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-003-1027-7.
P. Reis, K. Holmberg, R. Miller, et al., Competition between lipases and monoglycerides at interfaces, Langmuir 24 (2008) 7400-7407. https://doi.org/10.1021/la800531y.
Z. Ye, R.Z. Li, C. Cao, et al., Fatty acid profiles of typical dietary lipids after gastrointestinal digestion and absorbtion: a combination study between in-vitro and in-vivo, Food Chem. 280 (2019) 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.032.
J. Maldonado-Valderrama, P. Wilde, A. Macierzanka, et al., The role of bile salts in digestion, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 165 (2011) 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.002.
H.J. Chang, J.H. Lee, Regiospecific positioning of palmitic acid in triacylglycerol structure of enzymatically modified lipids affects physicochemical and in vitro digestion properties, Molecules 26 (2021) 4015. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134015.
S. Kawai, Characterization of diacylglycerol oil mayonnaise emulsified using phospholipase A2-treated egg yolk, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81 (2004) 993-998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-1012-6.
A. Sarkar, A. Ye, H. Singh, On the role of bile salts in the digestion of emulsified lipids, Food Hydrocoll. 60 (2016) 77-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.018.
P. Reis, T.W. Raab, J.Y. Chuat et al., Influence of surfactants on lipase fat digestion in a model gastro-intestinal system, Food Biophys. 3 (2008) 370-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-008-9091-6.
P.J. Wilde, B.S. Chu, Interfacial & colloidal aspects of lipid digestion, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 165 (2011) 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.02.004.
M. Hu, Y. Li, E.A. Decker, et al., Role of calcium and calcium-binding agents on the lipase digestibility of emulsified lipids using an in vitro digestion model, Food Hydrocoll. 24 (2010) 719-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.03.010.
L. Couëdelo, S. Amara, M. Lecomte, et al., Impact of various emulsifiers on ALA bioavailability and chylomicron synthesis through changes in gastrointestinal lipolysis, Food Funct. 6 (2015) 1726-1735. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00070j.
P. Reis, K. Holmberg, H. Watzke, et al., Lipases at interfaces: a review, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 147 (2009) 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.06.001.
P. Reis, M. Malmsten, M. Nydén, et al., Interactions between lipases and amphiphiles at interfaces, J. Surfactants Deterg. 22 (2019) 1047-1058. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsde.12254.
C. Figarella, A. de Caro, D. Leupoid, et al., Congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency, Pediatrics 96 (1980) 412-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80683-4.
F.K. Ghishan, J.R. Moran, P.R. Durie, et al., Isolated congenital lipase-colipase deficiency, Gastroenterology 86 (1984) 1580-1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(84)80175-4.
Y.T. Abdel-Ghaffar, E. Amin, M. Abdel-Rasheed, et al, Essential fatty acid status in infants and children with chronic liver disease, E. Mediterr. Health J. 9 (2003) 61-69. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.33.1.
Q. Guo, A. Ye, N. Bellissimod, et al., Modulating fat digestion through food structure design, Prog. Lipid Res. 68 (2017) 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2017.10.001.
B. Ozturk, S. Argin, M. Ozilgen, et al., Nanoemulsion delivery systems for oil-soluble vitamins: influence of carrier oil type on lipid digestion and vitamin D3 bioaccessibility, Food Chem. 187 (2015) 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.065.
S.E.E. Berry, G.J. Miller, T.A.B. Sanders, The solid fat content of stearic acid-rich fats determines their postprandial effects, Am. J. Clin. Nut. 85 (2007) 1486-1494. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1486.
891
Views
167
Downloads
3
Crossref
1
Web of Science
3
Scopus
0
CSCD
Altmetrics
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
