Open Access
Highlights
• Penicillium can produce harmful gas and compete for limited space and nutrients to inhibit White H. marmoreus mycelium growth, which will lead to a final yield and a quality decrease.
• The proteome of white H. marmoreus mycelium with and without contamination by Penicillium was examined. And it was found that a series of interesting changes occurred.
• The mechanism of the edible fungi response to biological stresses and the growth restriction adaptive mechanism were discussed in this paper.
• Our research could provide a theoretical basis for the control of mold contamination and the improvement of cultivation methods.
Abstract
White Hypsizygus marmoreus is a popular edible mushroom. Its mycelium is easy to be contaminated by Penicillium, which leads to a decrease in its quality and yield. Penicillium could compete for limited space and nutrients through rapid growth and produce a variety of harmful gases, such as benzene, aldehydes, phenols, etc., to inhibit the growth of H. marmoreus mycelium. A series of changes occurred in H. marmoreus proteome after contamination when detected by the label-free tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique. Some protein s with up-regulated expression worked together to participate in some processes, such as the non-toxic transformation of harmful gases, glutathione metabolism, histone modification, nucleotide excision repair, clearing misfolded proteins, and synthesizing glutamine, which were mainly used in response to biological stress. The proteins with down-regulated expression are mainly related to the processes of ribosome function, protein processing, spliceosome, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. The reduction in the function of these proteins affected the production of the cell components, which might be an adjustment to adapt to growth retardation. This study further enhanced the understanding of the biological stress response and the growth restriction adaptation mechanisms in edible fungi. It also provided a theoretical basis for protein function exploration and edible mushroom food safety research.