AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Journal of Advanced Ceramics Article
PDF (3.1 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Synthesis and mechanical and elevated temperature tribological properties of a novel high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 with carbon stoichiometry deviation

Jicheng Lia,b, Yanchun Zhouc, Yunfeng Sua, Shuna Chena,b, Qiuan Suna,b, Hengzhong Fana( ), Junjie Songa, Litian Hua, Yongsheng Zhanga,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

High-entropy carbides are a nascent group of ceramics that are promising for high-temperature applications due to the combination of good stability, high hardness (H), high strength, and superior creep resistance that they display. Due to high melting points and low lattice diffusion coefficients, however, the high-entropy carbides are usually difficult to consolidate to a nearly full density. To cope with this challenge, herein, binary carbides including TiC, V8C7, NbC, Mo2C, and WC with different carbon stoichiometry were used to prepare dense high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375, and the influence of carbon vacancy on formation ability and mechanical properties of carbon-deficient high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 were investigated. Intriguingly, although the starting binary carbides have different crystal structures and carbon stoichiometry, the as-prepared high-entropy material showed a rock-salt structure with a relatively high density (98.1%) and good mechanical properties with hardness of 19.4±0.4 GPa and fracture toughness (KIC) of 4.02 MPa·m1/2. More importantly, the high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 exhibited low coefficient of friction (COF) at room temperature (RT) and 800 ℃. Wear rate (W) gradually increased with the temperature rising, which were attributed to the formation of low-hardness oxidation films at high temperatures to aggravate wear. At 800 ℃, lubricating films formed from sufficient oxidation products of V2O5 and MoO3 effectively improved tribological behavior of the high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375. Wear mechanisms were mainly abrasive wear resulting from grain pullout and brittle fracture as well as oxidation wear generated from high-temperature reactions. These results are useful as valuable guidance and reference to the synthesis of high-entropy ceramics (HECs) for sliding parts under high-temperature serving conditions.

Keywords

high-entropy ceramics (HECs)transition metal (TM) carbidescarbon stoichiometry deviationtribological performanceswear

References

[1]
Xiang HM, Xing Y, Dai FZ, et al. High-entropy ceramics: Present status, challenges, and a look forward. J Adv Ceram 2021, 10: 385–441.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Bérardan D, Franger S, Dragoe D, et al. Colossal dielectric constant in high entropy oxides. Phys Status Solidi-R 2016, 10: 328–333.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Bérardan D, Franger S, Meena AK, et al. Room temperature lithium superionic conductivity in high entropy oxides. J Mater Chem A 2016, 4: 9536–9541.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Zhao ZF, Xiang HM, Chen H, et al. High-entropy (Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)4Al2O9 with good high temperature stability, low thermal conductivity, and anisotropic thermal expansivity. J Adv Ceram 2020, 9: 595–605.
Google Scholar
[5]
Ma JB, Zhao B, Xiang HM, et al. High-entropy spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with tunable electromagnetic properties and strong microwave absorption. J Adv Ceram 2022, 11: 754–768.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Ning SS, Wen TQ, Ye BL, et al. Low-temperature molten salt synthesis of high-entropy carbide nanopowders. J Am Ceram Soc 2020, 103: 2244–2251.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Zhu HL, Liu L, Xiang HM, et al. Improved thermal stability and infrared emissivity of high-entropy REMgAl11O19 and LaMAl11O19 (RE = La, Nd, Gd, Sm, Pr, Dy; M = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn). J Mater Sci Technol 2022, 104: 131–144.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Zhang RZ, Reece MJ. Review of high entropy ceramics: Design, synthesis, structure and properties. J Mater Chem A 2019, 7: 22148–22162.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Harrington TJ, Gild J, Sarker P, et al. Phase stability and mechanical properties of novel high entropy transition metal carbides. Acta Mater 2019, 166: 271–280.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Demirskyi D, Borodianska H, Suzuki TS, et al. High-temperature flexural strength performance of ternary high-entropy carbide consolidated via spark plasma sintering of TaC, ZrC and NbC. Scripta Mater 2019, 164: 12–16.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Zhang PX, Ye L, Chen FH, et al. Stability, mechanical, and thermodynamic behaviors of (TiZrHfTaM)C (M = Nb, Mo, W, V, Cr) high-entropy carbide ceramics. J Alloys Compd 2022, 903: 163868.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Han XX, Girman V, Sedlak R, et al. Improved creep resistance of high entropy transition metal carbides. J Eur Ceram Soc 2020, 40: 2709–2715.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Zhang WM, Xiang HM, Dai FZ, et al. Achieving ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave absorption in high-entropy transition metal carbides (HE TMCs). J Adv Ceram 2022, 11: 545–555.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Wang F, Yan XL, Wang TY, et al. Irradiation damage in (Zr0.25Ta0.25Nb0.25Ti0.25)C high-entropy carbide ceramics. Acta Mater 2020, 195: 739–749.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Liu DQ, Zhang AJ, Jia JG, et al. Phase evolution and properties of (VNbTaMoW)C high entropy carbide prepared by reaction synthesis. J Eur Ceram Soc 2020, 40: 2746–2751.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Ye BL, Wen TQ, Nguyen MC, et al. First-principles study, fabrication and characterization of (Zr0.25Nb0.25Ti0.25V0.25)C high-entropy ceramics. Acta Mater 2019, 170: 15–23.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Sarker P, Harrington T, Toher C, et al. High-entropy high-hardness metal carbides discovered by entropy descriptors. Nat Commun 2018, 9: 4980.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
He Y, Peng C, Xin SW, et al. Vacancy effect on the preparation of high-entropy carbides. J Mater Sci 2020, 55: 6754–6760.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Song JT, Chen GQ, Xiang HM, et al. Regulating the formation ability and mechanical properties of high-entropy transition metal carbides by carbon stoichiometry. J Mater Sci Technol 2022, 121: 181–189.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Luo SC, Guo WM, Fang ZL, et al. Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2)Cx ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2022, 42: 336–343.
Google Scholar
[21]
Wang K, Chen L, Xu CG, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrNbTaMo)C high-entropy ceramic. J Mater Sci Technol 2020, 39: 99–105.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Peng C, Gao X, Wang MZ, et al. Diffusion-controlled alloying of single-phase multi-principal transition metal carbides with high toughness and low thermal diffusivity. Appl Phys Lett 2019, 114: 011905.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Dippo OF, Mesgarzadeh N, Harrington TJ, et al. Bulk high-entropy nitrides and carbonitrides. Sci Rep 2020, 10: 21288.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Sun QC, Tan H, Zhu SY, et al. Single-phase (Hf–Mo–Nb–Ta–Ti)C high-entropy ceramic: A potential high temperature anti-wear material. Tribol Int 2021, 157: 106883.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Zhou JY, Zhang JY, Zhang F, et al. High-entropy carbide: A novel class of multicomponent ceramics. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 22014–22018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Backman L, Gild J, Luo J, et al. Part I: Theoretical predictions of preferential oxidation in refractory high entropy materials. Acta Mater 2020, 197: 20–27.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Backman L, Gild J, Luo J, et al. Part II: Experimental verification of computationally predicted preferential oxidation of refractory high entropy ultra-high temperature ceramics. Acta Mater 2020, 197: 81–90.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Anstis GR, Chantikul P, Lawn BR, et al. A critical evaluation of indentation techniques for measuring fracture toughness: I, Direct crack measurements. J Am Ceram Soc 1981, 64: 533–538.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Sarkar A, Wang QS, Schiele A, et al. High-entropy oxides: Fundamental aspects and electrochemical properties. Adv Mater 2019, 31: 1806236.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Razumovskiy VI, Ruban AV, Odqvist J, et al. Effect of carbon vacancies on thermodynamic properties of TiC–ZrC mixed carbides. Calphad 2014, 46: 87–91.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Liu SY, Zhang SX, Liu SY, et al. Stability and mechanical properties of single-phase quinary high-entropy metal carbides: First-principles theory and thermodynamics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2022, 42: 3089–3098.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Yu XX, Thompson GB, Weinberger CR. Influence of carbon vacancy formation on the elastic constants and hardening mechanisms in transition metal carbides. J Eur Ceram Soc 2015, 35: 95–103.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Lu K, Liu JX, Wei XF, et al. Microstructures and mechanical properties of high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C ceramics with the addition of SiC secondary phase. J Eur Ceram Soc 2020, 40: 1839–1847.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Moskovskikh DO, Vorotilo S, Sedegov AS, et al. High-entropy (HfTaTiNbZr)C and (HfTaTiNbMo)C carbides fabricated through reactive high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. Ceram Int 2020, 46: 19008–19014.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Wang F, Zhang X, Yan XL, et al. The effect of submicron grain size on thermal stability and mechanical properties of high-entropy carbide ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2020, 103: 4463–4472.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Feng L, Fahrenholtz WG, Hilmas GE. Low-temperature sintering of single-phase, high-entropy carbide ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2019, 102: 7217–7224.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Feng L, Chen WT, Fahrenholtz WG, et al. Strength of single-phase high-entropy carbide ceramics up to 2300 ℃. J Am Ceram Soc 2021, 104: 419–427.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Yu D, Yin J, Zhang BH, et al. Recent development of high-entropy transitional carbides: A review. J Ceram Soc Jpn 2020, 128: 329–335.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Ye BL, Wen TQ, Huang KH, et al. First-principles study, fabrication, and characterization of (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C high-entropy ceramic. J Am Ceram Soc 2019, 102: 4344–4352.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Yan XL, Constantin L, Lu YF, et al. (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C high-entropy ceramics with low thermal conductivity. J Am Ceram Soc 2018, 101: 4486–4491.
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
Sun YN, Xiang HM, Dai FZ, et al. Preparation and properties of CMAS resistant bixbyite structured high-entropy oxides RE2O3 (RE = Sm, Eu, Er, Lu, Y, and Yb): Promising environmental barrier coating materials for Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites. J Adv Ceram 2021, 10: 596–613.
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Yang CCT, Wei WCJ. Effects of material properties and testing parameters on wear properties of fine-grain zirconia (TZP). Wear 2000, 242: 97–104.
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
Fang Y, Zhang YS, Song JJ, et al. Influence of structural parameters on the tribological properties of Al2O3/Mo laminated nanocomposites. Wear 2014, 320: 152–160.
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]
Mirabal-Rojas R, Rodil SE, Ramirez G, et al. Effect of the addition of Si into V2O5 coatings: Structure and tribo-mechanical properties. Surf Coat Tech 2018, 349: 111–118.
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]
Mihalev M, Hardalov C, Christov C, et al. Structural and adhesional properties of thin MoO3 films prepared by laser coating. J Phys Conf Ser 2014, 514: 012022.
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]
Zhilkashinova A, Abilev M, Zhilkashinova A. Microplasma-sprayed V2O5/C double-layer coating for the parts of mini-hydropower systems. Coatings 2020, 10: 725.
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]
Tan H, Sun QC, Zhu SY, et al. High temperature tribological behavior of Mo–12Si–8.5B alloy reinforced with MoAlB ceramic. Tribol Int 2020, 150: 106344.
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]
Pisarek M, Krawczyk M, Hołdyński M, et al. Plasma nitriding of TiO2 nanotubes: N-doping in situ investigations using XPS. ACS Omega 2020, 5: 8647–8658.
Crossref Google Scholar
[49]
Jang HS, Lee CY, Jeon JW, et al. Interaction between V2O5 nanowires and high pressure CO2 gas up to 45 bar: Electrical and structural study. J Adv Res 2020, 24: 205–209.
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]
Shanmugapriya S, Zhu P, Yan CY, et al. Multifunctional high-performance electrocatalytic properties of Nb2O5 incorporated carbon nanofibers as Pt support catalyst. Adv Mater Interfaces 2019, 6: 1900565.
Crossref Google Scholar
[51]
Kodan N, Singh AP, Vandichel M, et al. Favourable band edge alignment and increased visible light absorption in β-MoO3/α-MoO3 oxide heterojunction for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. Int J Hydrogen Energ 2018, 43: 15773–15783.
Crossref Google Scholar
[52]
Sun ZY, Huo RP, Choi C, et al. Oxygen vacancy enables electrochemical N2 fixation over WO3 with tailored structure. Nano Energy 2019, 62: 869–875.
Crossref Google Scholar
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Volume 12 Issue 2,
February 2023
Pages 242-257
DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2023.9220679
Cite this article:
Li J, Zhou Y, Su Y, et al. Synthesis and mechanical and elevated temperature tribological properties of a novel high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 with carbon stoichiometry deviation. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(2): 242-257. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220679

7935

Views

731

Downloads

22

Crossref

20

Web of Science

21

Scopus

1

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 23 June 2022
Revised: 28 September 2022
Accepted: 16 October 2022
Published: 30 December 2022
© The Author(s) 2022.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return