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Research Article | Open Access

Enhanced piezoelectricity in Na and Ce co-doped CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics for high-temperature applications

Zimeng Hua, Vladimir Kovalb, Hangfeng Zhanga, Kan Chena, Yajun Yuec,d, Dou Zhange( ), Haixue Yana( )
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice 04001, Slovakia
Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

The sodium (Na) and Ce co-doped calcium bismuth titanate (CBT; CaBi4Ti4O15) Aurivillius ceramics in a Ca1−x(Na0.5Ce0.5)xBi4Ti4O15 (CNCBT; doping content (x) = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.12) system were synthesized by the conventional solid-state sintering method. All compositions show a single-phase orthorhombic (space group: A21am) structure at room temperature. The shift of the Curie point (TC) towards lower temperatures (T) on doping results from the increased tolerance factor (t). The substitution-enhanced ferroelectric performance with large maximum polarization (Pm) and facilitated domain switching is evidenced by the developed electrical polarization–electric field (P–E) and electrical current–electric field (I–E) hysteresis loops. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 20.5± 0.1 pC/N) of the x = 0.12 sample is about four times larger than that of pure CBT. The improved piezoelectric properties can be attributed to the high remanent polarization (Pr) and relatively high dielectric permittivity (ε′). In addition, multi-sized (micron and sub-micron) domain structures were observed in the CNCBT ceramics by the piezoresponse force microscope (PFM). The multiple-sized ferroelectric domain structure with smaller domains is beneficial to the easy domain switching, enhanced ferroelectric performance, and improved piezoelectric properties of the CNCBT ceramics. The designed Aurivillius-phase ferroelectric ceramics with the TC around 765 ℃ and high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) are suitable for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.

Keywords

Aurivillius-phase ceramicshigh Curie pointdomain switchingpiezoelectric properties

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Volume 12 Issue 7,
July 2023
Pages 1331-1344
DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2023.9220754
Cite this article:
Hu Z, Koval V, Zhang H, et al. Enhanced piezoelectricity in Na and Ce co-doped CaBi4Ti4O15 ceramics for high-temperature applications. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(7): 1331-1344. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220754

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Received: 25 December 2022
Revised: 15 April 2023
Accepted: 16 April 2023
Published: 20 June 2023
© The Author(s) 2023.

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