AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Journal of Advanced Ceramics Article
PDF (850.8 KB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Microwave characterization of two Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 dielectric thin films with out-of-plane and in-plane electrode structures

Hanchi Ruana, Theo Graves Saundersa, Henry Giddensa, Hangfeng Zhangb, Achintha Avin Ihalagea, Jonas Florentin Kolba, Matthew Bluntc, Sajad Haqd, Haixue Yanb( ), Yang Haoa( )
School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
Advanced Services and Products, QinetiQ, Farnborough GU14 0LX, UK
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Ferroelectric (FE) thin films have recently attracted renewed interest in research due to their great potential for designing novel tunable electromagnetic devices such as large intelligent surfaces (LISs). However, the mechanism of how a polar structure in the FE thin films contributes to desired tunable performance, especially within the microwave frequency range, which is the most widely used frequency range of electromagnetics, has not been illustrated clearly. In this paper, we described several straightforward and cost-effective methods to fabricate and characterize Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films at microwave frequencies. The prepared BST thin films here exhibit homogenous structures and great tunability ( η) in a wide frequency and temperature range when the applied field is in the out-of-plane direction. The high tunability can be attributed to high concentration of polar nanoclusters. Their response to the applied direct current (DC) field was directly visualized using a novel non-destructive near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) technique. Our results have provided some intriguing insights into the application of the FE thin films for future programmable high-frequency devices and systems.

Keywords

ferroelectric (FE)microwavetunabilitypolarizationthin film

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
JAC0769_ESM.pdf (881.5 KB)

References

[1]
Ahmed A, Goldthorpe IA, Khandani AK. Electrically tunable materials for microwave applications. Appl Phys Rev 2015, 2: 011302.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Raveendran A, Sebastian MT, Raman S. Applications of microwave materials: A review. J Electron Mater 2019, 48: 2601–2634.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Wu L, Du T, Xu NN, et al. A new Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3–silicon hybrid metamaterial device in terahertz regime. Small 2016, 12: 2610–2615.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Rahman BMF, Divan R, Stan L, et al. Tunable transmission line with nanopatterned thin films for smart RF applications. IEEE T Magn 2014, 50: 2801604.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Schuster C, Wiens A, Schmidt F, et al. Performance analysis of reconfigurable bandpass filters with continuously tunable center frequency and bandwidth. IEEE T Microw Theory 2017, 65: 4572–4583.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Haghzadeh M, Armiento C, Akyurtlu A. All-printed flexible microwave varactors and phase shifters based on a tunable BST/polymer. IEEE T Microw Theory 2017, 65: 2030–2042.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Pradeep AS, Bidkar GA, Thippesha D, et al. Design of compact beam-steering antenna with a novel metasubstrate structure. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics, Udupi, India, 2020: 96–99.
[8]
Karnati KK, Trampler ME, Gong X. A monolithically BST-integrated Ka-band beamsteerable reflectarray antenna. IEEE T Antenn Propag 2017, 65: 159–166.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Wang J, Lou J, Wang JF, et al. Ferroelectric composite artificially-structured functional material: Multifield control for tunable functional devices. J Phys D Appl Phys 2022, 55: 303002.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Shi PP, Tang YY, Li PF, et al. Symmetry breaking in molecular ferroelectrics. Chem Soc Rev 2016, 45: 3811– 3827.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Bencan A, Oveisi E, Hashemizadeh S, et al. Atomic scale symmetry and polar nanoclusters in the paraelectric phase of ferroelectric materials. Nat Commun 2021, 12: 3509.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Zhang HF, Giddens H, Yue YJ, et al. Polar nano-clusters in nominally paraelectric ceramics demonstrating high microwave tunability for wireless communication. J Eur Ceram Soc 2020, 40: 3996–4003.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Bian YL, Zhai JW. Effects of CeO2 buffer layer on the dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films prepared by sol–gel processing. J Sol–Gel Sci Techn 2014, 69: 40–46.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Bian YL, Zhai JW. Low dielectric loss Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/MgTiO3 composite thin films prepared by a sol–gel process. J Phys Chem Solids 2014, 75: 759–764.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Feteira A, Sinclair DC, Reaney IM, et al. BaTiO3-based ceramics for tunable microwave applications. J Am Ceram Soc 2004, 87: 1082–1087.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Yuan Y, Chen SJ, Fumeaux C. Varactor-based phase shifters operating in differential pairs for beam-steerable antennas. IEEE T Antenn Propag 2022, 70: 7670–7682.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Chen HW, Yang CR, Zhang JH, et al. High performance distributed CPW phase shifters with etched BST thin films on Ф 3'' LaAlO3 substrates. Solid State Sci 2012, 14: 117–120.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Zhang M, Xu XZ, Ahmed S, et al. Phase transformations in an Aurivillius layer structured ferroelectric designed using the high entropy concept. Acta Mater 2022, 229: 117815.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Opel M. Spintronic oxides grown by laser-MBE. J Phys D Appl Phys 2012, 45: 033001.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Zhang M, Zhang HF, Jiang QH, et al. Terahertz characterization of lead-free dielectrics for different applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021, 13: 53492–53503.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Yan R, Guo Z, Tai RZ, et al. Observation of long range correlation dynamics in BaTiO3 near TC by photon correlation spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett 2008, 93: 192908.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Zhang HF, Gidden H, Saunders TG, et al. High tunability and low loss in layered perovskite dielectrics through intrinsic elimination of oxygen vacancies. Chem Mater 2020, 32: 10120–10129.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Liu ZK, Shang SL, Du JL, et al. Parameter-free prediction of phase transition in PbTiO3 through combination of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. Scripta Mater 2023, 232: 115480.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Setter N, Damjanovic D, Eng L, et al. Ferroelectric thin films: Review of materials, properties, and applications. J Appl Phys 2006, 100: 051606.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Bratkovsky AM, Levanyuk AP. Smearing of phase transition due to a surface effect or a bulk inhomogeneity in ferroelectric nanostructures. Phys Rev Lett 2005, 94: 107601.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
He Y, Li XM, Gao XD, et al. Tunable properties of LSCO buffered PMN–PT thin film capacitor. Funct Mater Lett 2011, 4: 241–244.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Yang Q, Cao JX, Zhou YC, et al. Dead layer effect and its elimination in ferroelectric thin film with oxide electrodes. Acta Mater 2016, 112: 216–223.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Liao JX, Yang CR, Zhang JH, et al. The interfacial structures of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci 2006, 252: 7407–7414.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Kim KT, Kim CI. Electrical and dielectric properties of Ce-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films. Surf Coat Tech 2006, 200: 4708–4712.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Liao JX, Xu ZQ, Wei XB, et al. Influence of preheating on crystallization and growing behavior of Ce and Mn doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 film by sol–gel method. Surf Coat Tech 2012, 206: 4518–4524.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Luo W, Chen XY, Fan JW, et al. Effect of Rb-doping on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films prepared by sol–gel. Ceram Int 2016, 42: 17229–17236.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Wang Y, Liu BT, Wei F, et al. Fabrication and electrical properties of (111) textured (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 film on platinized Si substrate. Appl Phys Lett 2007, 90: 042905.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Qin WF, Zhu J, Xiong J, et al. Electrical behavior of Y-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films. J Mater Sci-Mater El 2007, 18: 1217–1220.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Zheng Z, Yao YY, Weng WJ, et al. Dipole azimuth dependent permittivity in randomly and (100) oriented (Pb,Sr)TiO3 thin films. J Mater Chem 2011, 21: 10808–10812.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Sheng S, Wang P, Zhang XY, et al. Characterization of microwave dielectric properties of ferroelectric parallel plate varactors. J Phys D Appl Phys 2009, 42: 015501.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Wilson JN, Frost JM, Wallace SK, et al. Dielectric and ferroic properties of metal halide perovskites. APL Mater 2019, 7: 010901.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Imtiaz A, Wallis TM, Kabos P. Near-field scanning microwave microscopy: An emerging research tool for nanoscale metrology. IEEE Microw Mag 2014, 15: 52–64.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Mohapatra S, Weisshaar JC. Modified Pearson correlation coefficient for two-color imaging in spherocylindrical cells. BMC Bioinformatics 2018, 19: 428.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Zhang XY, Wang P, Sheng S, et al. Ferroelectric BaxSr1−xTiO3 thin-film varactors with parallel plate and interdigital electrodes for microwave applications. J Appl Phys 2008, 104: 124110.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Annam K, Spatz D, Shin E, et al. Experimental verification of microwave phase shifters using barium strontium titanate (BST) varactors. In: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, Dayton, USA, 2020: 63–66.
Crossref
[41]
Carlsson E, Gevorgian S. Conformal mapping of the field and charge distributions in multilayered substrate CPWs. IEEE T Microw Theory 1999, 47: 1544–1552.
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Ge JQ, Xia T, Wang GA. Design and optimization methodology of coplanar waveguide test structures for dielectric characterization of thin films. J Electron Test 2020, 36: 183–188.
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
Marksz EJ, Hagerstrom AM, Zhang XH, et al. Broadband, high-frequency permittivity characterization for epitaxial BaxSr1−xTiO3 composition-spread thin films. Phys Rev Appl 2021, 15: 064061.
Crossref Google Scholar
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Volume 12 Issue 8,
August 2023
Pages 1521-1532
DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2023.9220769
Cite this article:
Ruan H, Saunders TG, Giddens H, et al. Microwave characterization of two Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 dielectric thin films with out-of-plane and in-plane electrode structures. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(8): 1521-1532. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220769

1929

Views

449

Downloads

9

Crossref

6

Web of Science

8

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 28 February 2023
Revised: 28 April 2023
Accepted: 18 May 2023
Published: 18 July 2023
© The Author(s) 2023.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return