High-entropy rare earth stannate ceramics: Acid corrosion resistant radiative cooling materials with high atmospheric transparency window emissivity and high near-infrared solar reflectivity

Tao Chen; Yanyan He; Yanyu Pan; Kaixian Wang; Minzhong Huang; Liyan Xue; Yazhu Li; Fan Yang; Yanchun Zhou; Heng Chen

doi:10.26599/JAC.2024.9220884

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Research Article | Open Access

High-entropy rare earth stannate ceramics: Acid corrosion resistant radiative cooling materials with high atmospheric transparency window emissivity and high near-infrared solar reflectivity

Tao Chen^{¹^,²^,³}, Yanyan He^³, Yanyu Pan^{¹^,³}, Kaixian Wang^{¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵}, Minzhong Huang^{¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵}, Liyan Xue^{¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵}, Yazhu Li^{¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵}, Fan Yang^{¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶}(), Yanchun Zhou^⁷(), Heng Chen^{¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵}()

1Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China

2College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China

3Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China

4Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China

5Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China

6Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China

7School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

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Abstract

In response to the development of the concepts of “carbon neutrality” and “carbon peak”, it is critical to developing materials with high near-infrared (NIR) solar reflectivity and high emissivity in the atmospheric transparency window (ATW; 8–13 μm) to advance zero energy consumption radiative cooling technology. To regulate emission and reflection properties, a series of high-entropy rare earth stannate ceramics (HE-RE₂Sn₂O₇: (Y_0.2La_0.2Nd_0.2Eu_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Sn₂O₇, (Y_0.2La_0.2Sm_0.2Eu_0.2Lu_0.2)₂Sn₂O₇, and (Y_0.2La_0.2Gd_0.2Yb_0.2Lu_0.2)₂Sn₂O₇) with severe lattice distortion were prepared using a solid phase reaction followed by a pressureless sintering method for the first time. Lattice distortion is accomplished by introducing rare earth elements with different cation radii and mass. The as-synthesized HE-RE₂Sn₂O₇ ceramics possess high ATW emissivity (91.38%–95.41%), high NIR solar reflectivity (92.74%–97.62%), low thermal conductivity (1.080–1.619 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹), and excellent chemical stability. On the one hand, the lattice distortion intensifies the asymmetry of the structural unit to cause a notable alteration in the electric dipole moment, ultimately enlarging the ATW emissivity. On the other hand, by selecting difficult excitation elements, HE-RE₂Sn₂O₇, which has a wide band gap (E_g), exhibits high NIR solar reflectivity. Hence, the multi-component design can effectively enhance radiative cooling ability of HE-RE₂Sn₂O₇ and provide a novel strategy for developing radiative cooling materials.

Keywords

radiative cooling materials high-entropy ceramics (HECs)rare earth stannate (RE₂Sn₂O₇)high atmospheric transparency window emissivity high near-infrared (NIR) solar reflectivity

References

[1]

Zhai Y, Ma YG, David SN, et al. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling. Science 2017, 355: 1062–1066.

Composition code	γ	a (Å)	O–Sn–O bond angle (°)	Sn–O bond length (Å)
LA	1.681	10.7046	83.90	2.071
HE-RE1	1.565	10.5185	82.01	2.059
HE-RE2	1.537	10.4742	81.77	2.052
HE-RE3	1.506	10.4316	81.67	2.050

Composition code	Chemical formula	δ (%)	σ (%)
LA	La₂Sn₂O₇	—	—
HE-RE1	(Y_0.2La_0.2Nd_0.2Eu_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Sn₂O₇	4.507	18.00
HE-RE2	(Y_0.2La_0.2Sm_0.2Eu_0.2Lu_0.2)₂Sn₂O₇	5.809	20.26
HE-RE3	(Y_0.2La_0.2Gd_0.2Yb_0.2Lu_0.2)₂Sn₂O₇	6.385	21.58

Composition code	κ_s (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	ρ₀ (g·cm⁻³)	ρ (g·cm⁻³)	P (%)	κ (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
LA	2.819	6.220	6.504	4.367	2.993
HE-RE1	1.511	6.400	6.737	5.002	1.619
HE-RE2	1.301	6.636	6.990	5.064	1.395
HE-RE3	1.019	6.789	7.091	4.259	1.080