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Research Article | Open Access

The role of γ-C2H5NO2 as a new transient liquid phase in cold sintering process of BaTiO3 composites

Jitrawan Noisak1,2Pimchanok Ieamviteevanich1Thitirat Charoonsuk3Phakkhananan Pakawanit4Nattapong Pinpru5Wanwilai Vittayakorn6Tosapol Maluangnont6Panpailin Seeharaj1Theerachai Bongkarn7,8Te-Wei Chiu9Naratip Vittayakorn1,2( )
Advanced Materials Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
Synchrotron Research and Applications Division, Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Sustainability Centre, Plastics Market Intelligent Department, Plastics Institute of Thailand, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
Electroceramics Research Laboratory, College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Research Center for Academic Excellence in Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, "National" Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, China
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Dielectric materials, such as barium titanate (BT)-based materials, have excellent dielectric properties but require high temperatures (above 1300 °C) for ceramic fabrication, leading to high costs and energy loss. The cold sintering process (CSP) offers a solution to these issues and is gaining worldwide attention as an innovative fabrication route. In this work, we proposed an alternative organic ferroelectric phase, gamma-glycine (γ-GC), which acts as a transient liquid phase to fabricate high-density composites with barium titanate (BT) at low temperatures through CSP. Our findings show that the density of 15γ-GC/85BT reached 96.7%±1.6% when it was sintered at 120 °C for 6 h under 10 MPa uniaxial pressure. Scanning electron microscopy‒energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM‒EDS) mappings of the composite suggested that γ-GC completely underwent the precipitation–dissolution process and, therefore, filled between BT particles. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the preservation of γ-GC without undesired phase transformation. In addition, the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of γ-GC/BT composites have been reported. The high dielectric constant (εr) was 3600, and the low dielectric loss (tanδ) was 1.20 at 200 °C and 100 kHz for the 15γ-GC/85BT composite. The hysteresis loop showed a remanent polarization (Pr) of 0.55 µC·cm−2 and a coercive field (Ec) of 7.25 kV·cm−1. Our findings reaffirmed that an organic ferroelectric material (γ-GC) can act as a transient liquid phase in a CSP that can successfully and sustainably fabricate γ-GC/BT composites at low temperatures while delivering outstandingly high performance.

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Pages 942-955
Cite this article:
Noisak J, Ieamviteevanich P, Charoonsuk T, et al. The role of γ-C2H5NO2 as a new transient liquid phase in cold sintering process of BaTiO3 composites. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2024, 13(7): 942-955. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2024.9220908

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Received: 03 March 2024
Revised: 12 April 2024
Accepted: 01 May 2024
Published: 30 July 2024
© The Author(s) 2024.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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