Superior energy storage density and efficiency in antiferroelectric-like BNT-based ceramics via single-element phase engineering
), Genshui Wang1,2,3,4()Graphical Abstract
Abstract
Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) has received much attention because of its excellent dielectric properties for pulsed power systems. Most of the work has focused on inducing the relaxation behavior of BNT-based materials by doping with multiple elements, but the preparation method is complicated because a high maximum polarization (Pmax) is sacrificed, which affects the energy storage properties. In this work, we induced antiferroelectric-like relaxor behavior by replacing Bi3+ with the single rare-earth ion Pr3+ to obtain highly active polar nanoregions (PNRs) that increase the energy storage efficiency (ƞ). In addition, the 6s2 lone pair of electrons of Pr3+ can produce large ionic displacements similar to those of Bi3+. This could maintain the contribution of the A-site polarization to possess large Pmax. Moreover, the high energy gap (Eg) and reliability increase the breakdown electric field (Eb). Consequently, the ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 11.01 J/cm3 at 552 kV/cm and η of 86.7% are achieved with (Bi0.5−xPrxNa0.5)TiO3 component (BPNT-18), which is superior to many other multielement components. It also has fast charging and discharging speeds (t0.9 ≈ 37 ns) and high power densities (PD ≈ 312 MW/cm3). This research proposes a simple and effective approach in which a single element is used to obtain excellent energy storage performance in lead-free dielectric ceramics.
Keywords
Electronic Supplementary Material
References
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