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Research Article | Open Access

ERTMS/ETCS Level 3: Development, assumptions, and what it means for the future

Daniel Knutsen1,2( ), Nils O. E. Olsson1, Jiali Fu2
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linkoping 58195, Sweden
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to categorize the research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3; map how the research focus on ERTMS Level 3 has developed over time; summarize key assumptions in research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3. This study uses a scoping review approach. This review method provides a comprehensive overview of the literature in a selected field. The literature searches in this study were primarily conducted in Scopus and Web of Science and were complemented with a follow-up search in Google Scholar. The topics are divided into two thematic areas: Effects on the Railway System and Technical Requirements. The thematic area Technical Requirements is further divided into the following subcategories: train, trackside, and communication. The effects on the railway system are measured using performance indicators: capacity, stability/robustness, and safety. ERTMS Level 3 has developed from a pure Level 3 to Hybrid Level 3. Hybrid Level 3 represents a pragmatic solution, but it may emerge as a threat to the long-term objective of the Level 3 moving block. Studies of Level 3 are based on a moving block solution, while studies of Hybrid Level 3 are mainly based on virtual sub-sections. Both Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3 studies tend to make assumptions that risk missing wider aspects of the railway system. There is also a need to correctly represent different ERTMS Level 3 configurations to ensure expected capacity gains. For a better understanding of the development and future path of ERTMS Level 3, it is interesting to study the following aspects: the historical development of ERTMS Level 3 research, the assumptions made about ERTMS Level 3, and the conditions and restrictions under which ERTMS Level 3 will be implemented. Assumptions and simplifications are necessary for modeling work, but there is also a need to highlight underlying assumptions in analyses of different ERTMS Level 3 configurations.

Keywords

ERTMSETCSLevel 3Hybrid Level 3moving blockvirtual sub-section

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles
Volume 6 Issue 1,
March 2023
Pages 34-45
DOI: 10.26599/JICV.2023.9210003
Cite this article:
Knutsen D, Olsson NOE, Fu J. ERTMS/ETCS Level 3: Development, assumptions, and what it means for the future. Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, 2023, 6(1): 34-45. https://doi.org/10.26599/JICV.2023.9210003

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Received: 16 December 2022
Accepted: 06 January 2023
Published: 30 March 2023
© The author(s) 2023.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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