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Review | Open Access

Carbon-based Nanozymes: How Structure Affects Performance

Jiuyang He1( )Yinyin Hou2,4Zixia Zhang2,4Junying Zhang1Xiyun Yan2,3,4Kelong Fan2,3,4( )Minmin Liang1( )
Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Abstract

In the past decade, nanozymes - a unique class of nanomaterials with inherent enzyme-mimetic properties - have fascinated researchers, revealing unexpected enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials previously considered biologically inert. In particular, as metal-free catalyst for biological processes, carbon-based nanozymes have grown in popularity due to their exceptional physical and chemical characteristics. So far, a variety of carbon-based nanozymes with various structures such as fullerene, graphene oxide, carbon dot, carbon nanotube, and carbon nanosphere have been reported possessing a wide range of enzyme-like properties. However, the structure-activity relationship of the carbon-based nanozymes have not yet been comprehensively discussed. In this review, we thoroughly examine the recent findings on the structure-activity connection of carbon nanozymes, in an effort to comprehend the underlying mechanism of carbon nanozymes and throw light on the future direction of the systematic design and construction of functionally specific carbon nanozymes. We also will address the broad range of applications of carbon nanozymes from in vitro detection to replacing specific enzymes in living systems.

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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Pages 28-47
Cite this article:
He J, Hou Y, Zhang Z, et al. Carbon-based Nanozymes: How Structure Affects Performance. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2024, 16(1): 28-47. https://doi.org/10.26599/NBE.2024.9290053

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Received: 04 September 2023
Revised: 03 November 2023
Accepted: 13 November 2023
Published: 26 December 2023
© The Author(s) 2024.

This is an open-access article distributed under  the  terms  of  the  Creative  Commons  Attribution  4.0 International  License (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which  permits  unrestricted  use,  distribution,  and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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