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Research Article | Open Access

Harnessing Desert Flora: Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Desert Plants Combat Bacterial Infections and Biofilm Formation

Mamona Nazir1(), Rabbia Ahmad1, Muhammad Ehsan Mazhar2, Muhammad Saleem3, Afifa Nazish1, Shehla Perveen1, Muniba Shafique1, Asma Yaqoob4, Syed Adnan Ali Shah5,6
Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, 63100-Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60800, Pakistan
Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of BBBI, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Malaysia
Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor Malaysia
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Abstract

In this study, we harnessed the properties of desert plants to synthesize silver nanoparticles to explore potential antimicrobial solutions. Chrozophora plicata and Heliotropium curassavicum extracts were used as green reducing agents to transform silver ions into nanoparticles. Our findings revealed novel properties of C. plicata, which have not been reported before. Surface plasmon resonance peak at 453.6 and 431 nm for C. plicata and H. curassavicum, respectively, via ultraviolet (UV) spectral analysis evidenced the successful fabrication of silver nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 4.3–8 and 3.1–6.97 nm respectively, which was validated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystal structure of these nanoparticles had a face-centered cubic geometry. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of the plant extract showed strong signals corresponding to carbohydrates, proteins, and phenolics. Antibacterial assays of the silver nanoparticles from C. plicata displayed zones of inhibition at 5 and 4 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Meanwhile, the silver nanoparticles from H. curassavicum exhibited zones of inhibition against both pathogens at 10 and 7 mm, respectively. The test samples were substantial inhibitors of S. aureus and E. coli biofilm formation since these displayed IC50 values in the range of 8.88–10.57 mg/mL, which is as potent as the reference ciprofloxacin. Consequently, the silver nanoparticles derived from these desert plants can be potential drug candidates for treating respiratory and digestive tract infections alone or in combination with existing antibiotics.

Keywords

biogenic synthesissilver nanoparticles fabricationdesert plants extractantimicrobial activitybiofilm inhibitionnanotechnologyantibiotic resistance.

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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Volume 16 Issue 2,
June 2024
Pages 248-257
DOI: 10.26599/NBE.2024.9290058
Cite this article:
Nazir M, Ahmad R, Mazhar ME, et al. Harnessing Desert Flora: Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles from Desert Plants Combat Bacterial Infections and Biofilm Formation. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2024, 16(2): 248-257. https://doi.org/10.26599/NBE.2024.9290058
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