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Research Article | Open Access

Green Synthesis of Indole-pyrazole-capped Cadmium Sulphide Quantum Dots and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity Activity and Protein Interaction

Senzekile MajolaMyalowenkosi Sabela( )Robert M. GenganTalent R. Makhanya
Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Abstract

Plant extracts play an essential role in bioreducing metal ions and capping the resultant nanomaterials. We report the green synthesis of indole pyrazole-capped cadmium sulfide quantum dots (TRPIDC-CH3CdSQDs) using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and indole pyrazole ligand. Morphological analysis using a high-resolution electron microscope indicated the presence of spherical particles with an average diameter of 4.5 nm. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy results exhibited a bandgap energy of 2.95 eV, and phytochemical deposition on the TRPIDC-CH3CdSQDs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cytotoxicity analysis was conducted using the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay on two cancer ((breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549)) cells and a normal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell. Low cytotoxic activity was found for TRPIDC-CH3CdSQDs against all three cell types, the highest activity percentage being 63.80% against MCF-7 and TRPIDC-CH3CdSQDs show a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity. Spectroscopic interaction studies were undertaken with human serum albumin using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The interactions between TRPIDC-CH3CdSQDs and human serum albumin were hydrophobic. Using corrected fluorescence data, the Stern–Volmer constant and binding constant were 2.06 × 103 and 2.85 × 103 mol·L−1, respectively. The findings indicate its potential to be used in drug delivery.

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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
Pages 460-472
Cite this article:
Majola S, Sabela M, Gengan RM, et al. Green Synthesis of Indole-pyrazole-capped Cadmium Sulphide Quantum Dots and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity Activity and Protein Interaction. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2024, 16(3): 460-472. https://doi.org/10.26599/NBE.2024.9290077

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Received: 17 January 2024
Revised: 05 March 2024
Accepted: 25 March 2024
Published: 20 May 2024
© The Author(s) 2024.

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