Graphical Abstract
![](https://wqketang.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zip-unzip/zip-f7eea2eb-236b-402d-b9a0-dbbf410e4a53/0098/files/0098-TOC.jpg?Expires=1725365112&OSSAccessKeyId=STS.NU4JUefgnxxEEL6ToBQx3388f&Signature=KLm2CE5pVdJXXNxSpKKN8PoEhEs%3D&security-token=CAISywJ1q6Ft5B2yfSjIr5aBAe%2FRi7hPz7quR2qHsG8XXfcf3P2ThDz2IHtKenhsBOsbtfk1mG5W5%2FgZlqJ9SptIAEfJa9d99Mz2HK8ZkNCT1fau5Jko1beHewHKeTOZsebWZ%2BLmNqC%2FHt6md1HDkAJq3LL%2Bbk%2FMdle5MJqP%2B%2FUFB5ZtKWveVzddA8pMLQZPsdITMWCrVcygKRn3mGHdfiEK00he8TouufTinpHMskGA1Aell7Mvyt6vcsT%2BXa5FJ4xiVtq55utye5fa3TRYgxowr%2Fwo0v0YpGya5YzHXwcPskvdKZbo78UqLQlla6w%2BGqFJqvPxr%2Fp8t%2Fx5fWJKAezhVgs8cVM8JOjIqKOscIsiZgej5jBKFV55c8Fdm%2BgUooJVgIMhTnduUfAPJAGOxzJitP%2BUVGGphr60TEnBL4rB5MUctfzRp0NkR6zUTzDnGoABZWASKTUrEwmRw6h9FcLqazMEY1DtUAk2vjJSeXTqMTEGjbtEmrpt8Fgre8h8kFLhdLp6nIHatGljbK2VD%2FVBcRF7crROsC4tBaw%2F0wcjdvlFvEwRu%2FiZqHDwfzAeN24vIto5Xq5mRzzoH972WQ1trm%2FGMc7he0L%2F978839AuDwwgAA%3D%3D)
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Heteroatom doping has emerged as a prevailing strategy to enhance the storage of sodium ions in carbon materials. However, the underlying mechanism governing the performance enhancement remains undisclosed. Herein, we fabricated N/S co-doped carbon beaded fibers (S-N-CBFs), which exhibited glorious rate performance and durableness in Na+ storage, showcasing no obvious capacity decay even after 3500 cycles. Furthermore, when used as anodes in sodium-ion capacitors, the S-N-CBFs delivered exceptional results, boasting a high energy density of 225 Wh·kg–1, superior power output of 22500 W·kg–1, and outstanding cycling stability with a capacity attenuation of merely 0.014% per cycle after 4000 cycles at 2 A·g–1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the incorporation of both pyridinic N and pyrrolic N into the carbon matrix of S-N-CBFs induced internal electric fields (IEFs), with the former IEF being stronger than the latter, in conjunction with the doped S atom. Density functional theory calculations further unveiled that the intensity of the IEF directly influenced the adsorption of Na+, thereby resulting in the exceptional performances of S-N-CBFs as sodium-ion storage materials. This work uncovers the pivotal role of IEF in regulating the electronic structure of carbon materials and enhancing their Na+ storage capabilities, providing valuable insights for the development of more advanced electrode materials.
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