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Research Article | Open Access

Revisiting N, S co-doped carbon materials with boosted electrochemical performance in sodium-ion capacitors: The manipulation of internal electric field

Shuli Li1, Jinqiang Zhang2( ), Yanan Li3, Pengxiang Fan4, Mingbo Wu3
Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257000, China
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
State key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Shandong Hi-tech Spring Material Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257000, China
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Graphical Abstract

The presence of both pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen atoms in the S, N co-doped carbon matrix (S-N-CBFs) generates internal electric fields, synergistically interacting with the doped sulfur atom. This interaction directly impacts the adsorption of sodium ions, ultimately leading to the remarkable performance enhancement in sodium storage.

Abstract

Heteroatom doping has emerged as a prevailing strategy to enhance the storage of sodium ions in carbon materials. However, the underlying mechanism governing the performance enhancement remains undisclosed. Herein, we fabricated N/S co-doped carbon beaded fibers (S-N-CBFs), which exhibited glorious rate performance and durableness in Na+ storage, showcasing no obvious capacity decay even after 3500 cycles. Furthermore, when used as anodes in sodium-ion capacitors, the S-N-CBFs delivered exceptional results, boasting a high energy density of 225 Wh·kg–1, superior power output of 22500 W·kg–1, and outstanding cycling stability with a capacity attenuation of merely 0.014% per cycle after 4000 cycles at 2 A·g–1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the incorporation of both pyridinic N and pyrrolic N into the carbon matrix of S-N-CBFs induced internal electric fields (IEFs), with the former IEF being stronger than the latter, in conjunction with the doped S atom. Density functional theory calculations further unveiled that the intensity of the IEF directly influenced the adsorption of Na+, thereby resulting in the exceptional performances of S-N-CBFs as sodium-ion storage materials. This work uncovers the pivotal role of IEF in regulating the electronic structure of carbon materials and enhancing their Na+ storage capabilities, providing valuable insights for the development of more advanced electrode materials.

Keywords

sodium-ion storagesodium-ion capacitorsinternal electric fieldN/S co-doped carbonNa+ adsorption

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Nano Research Energy
Volume 3 Issue 1,
March 2024
DOI: 10.26599/NRE.2023.9120098
Cite this article:
Li S, Zhang J, Li Y, et al. Revisiting N, S co-doped carbon materials with boosted electrochemical performance in sodium-ion capacitors: The manipulation of internal electric field. Nano Research Energy, 2024, 3: e9120098. https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2023.9120098

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Received: 27 July 2023
Revised: 22 August 2023
Accepted: 30 August 2023
Published: 28 September 2023
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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