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Research Article | Open Access

Mechanism of water-evaporation-induced electricity beyond streaming potential

Sunmiao Fang1,2,§, Huan Lu1,2,§, Weicun Chu1,2, Wanlin Guo1,3( )
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

§ Sunmiao Fang and Huan Lu contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

An evaporation-driven charge transport model mediated by the direct coupling between the material and water molecules is proposed for evaporation-induced electricity.

Abstract

Since its first discovery in 2017, evaporation-induced electricity has attracted extensive attention and shown significant advantages in green energy conversion. While the streaming potential-related electrokinetic effect has been intensively explored and widely recognized as the underlying mechanism, the role of coupling between water molecules and charge carriers in the material remains elusive. Here we show through carefully designed experiments that the streaming potential effect indeed plays a role but can only contribute about half to the total water-evaporation-induced voltage occurring within the partially-wetted region of the carbon black film where the solid-liquid-gas three-phase interface exists. It is also shown that water evaporation from carboxyl and amino-functionalized carbon black films produces opposite voltage signals. Detailed first-principles calculations unveil that the adsorption of water molecules can lead to reversed charge transfer in the carboxyl and amino-functionalized carbon substrates. Finally, an evaporation-driven charge transport mechanism is proposed for the induced electricity mediated by the coupling between water molecules and charge carriers in the material. The results reveal the important role of direct interaction between water molecules and materials, deepening our understanding of the mechanism for evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic effect beyond streaming potential.

Keywords

charge transferevaporation-induced electricitystreaming potentialhydrovoltaic effect

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Nano Research Energy
Volume 3 Issue 2,
June 2024
Article number: e9120108
DOI: 10.26599/NRE.2024.9120108
Cite this article:
Fang S, Lu H, Chu W, et al. Mechanism of water-evaporation-induced electricity beyond streaming potential. Nano Research Energy, 2024, 3: e9120108. https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120108

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Received: 30 August 2023
Revised: 17 November 2023
Accepted: 18 November 2023
Published: 01 December 2023
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

The articles published in this open access journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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