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Original Article | Open Access

Structural Changes of Wheat Straw Lignin during Formic Acid Treatment

RuiXue Dong1, XiuWen Mei1, Chang Ma1, MingFei Li2, YongMing Fan1( )
MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry, Biomass Materials, and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Abstract

The aromatic nature of lignin makes it a potential renewable source of chemicals and other valuable products. Isolation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using organic solvents enables the production of high-purity lignin. The use of formic acid in the organosolv pulping and fractionation process has been widely studied. Characterization of lignin is necessary to achieve valueadded applications of lignin. To simplify the isolation of formic acid-treated lignin, herein, milled wheat straw lignin (MWSL) was employed as an archetype for characterization of the structural changes of lignin during formic acid treatment. The results showed that the MWSL was GSH-type (comprising p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) monolignols) and underwent structural changes during formic acid treatment. Lignin was esterified during the formic acid treatment. The content of alkyl hydroxyl groups in lignin decreased upon formic acid treatment, corresponding to an increase of the number of double bond equivalents (DBE). Lignin units with active reaction sites were liable to slight condensation, which resulted in a moderate increase of the molecular weight. The molecular weight distribution of formic acid-treated MWSL (FMWSL) was wider than that of the MWSL, although the molecular weight of both species did not differ significantly. The β-O-4 linkage in lignin was partially cleaved during formic acid treatment, resulting in the production of new phenolic structures. This improved the solubility of lignin in the cooking liquor and its reactivity for downstream applications.

Keywords

formic acidwheat straw ligninstructural characterization

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Paper and Biomaterials
Volume 1 Issue 2,
October 2016
Pages 16-22
DOI: 10.26599/PBM.2016.9260011
Cite this article:
Dong R, Mei X, Ma C, et al. Structural Changes of Wheat Straw Lignin during Formic Acid Treatment. Paper and Biomaterials, 2016, 1(2): 16-22. https://doi.org/10.26599/PBM.2016.9260011

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Received: 17 February 2016
Accepted: 05 April 2016
Published: 25 October 2016
© 2016 Published by Paper and Biomaterials Editorial Board

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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